On December 25, 2012, the 14th generation model was released in Japan. In addition to the appearance and interior design changes, the new car is also equipped with a new system, and a new power combination of 3.5L + 8AT is added. In addition, the car’s configuration has also been upgraded.

"The 14th generation Crown Royal series, the design style is more business-oriented"

"The 14th generation crown ATHLETE sports series, the design style pays more attention to youth"

　　Compared with the 13th generation, the shape design of the 14th generation crown has a relatively large change, which adopts a new big mouth front face design, the shape of the lamp group is more flat and sharp, and the lamp cavity is added. In addition, the C-pillar part of the car has more radical lines, and the side bottom lines also have a certain sense of hierarchy.

The 14th Royal Crown Series

　　It is worth mentioning that the 14th generation Crown offers consumers two series options, each with a different design style. The Royal series is more business-oriented, while the ATHLETE sports series highlights its youthful and dynamic design through details such as V-mesh metal grilles and sports multi-spoke wheels.

The 14th CROWN ATHLETE SPORTS SERIES

　　In terms of body size, the length/width/height of the 14th generation crown is 4895/1800/1450mm respectively, which is 2850mm, which is 75mm shorter than the wheelbase of the domestic 13th generation crown (the original model is the Majesta long wheelbase version). In addition, the 14th generation crown also offers 6 body colors, namely pearl white, metallic silver, noble silver, black, pearl black and red mica metallic color.

"14th generation Crown Royal series interior drawing"

"14th generation crown ATHLETE series interior drawing"

"14th generation crown ATHLETE series interior drawing, center console and seats use red color scheme theme"

　　In terms of interior, the center console part of the 14th generation crown adopts a multi-touch dual-screen design for the first time. At the same time, the streamline of the control panel tightened to both sides leaves behind the slightly rigid design of the 13th generation, and the style of the instrument panel, steering wheel and stop lever has also changed. In addition, in terms of configuration, the 14th generation crown is also equipped with an adaptive high beam system, a headlight intelligent curve auxiliary lighting system, monitoring, and an improved pre-collision system.

"Left: 14th generation Crown ATHLETE sports series, right: 14th generation Crown Royal series"

　　In terms of passive safety, the cockpit of the 14th generation crown is made of high-strength steel. The car is also equipped with front double, driver’s seat, and through side air curtains, and active safety headrests are also present on the car. The hybrid model is also equipped with pedestrian safety protection devices. In the event of a collision between the vehicle and a pedestrian, the rear cover can be quickly lifted upward to ease the impact of the pedestrian’s head.

　　In terms of power, the 14th generation Crown is equipped with a 2.5-liter V6 and a 3.5-liter V6, of which the 3.5-liter V6 can output a maximum of 315 horsepower (232 kW), with a peak value of 377N · m. The 3.5L engine is matched with an 8-speed automatic transmission, and the 2.5L engine continues to match the same 6-speed automatic transmission as the 13th generation.

"Hybrid power for the 14th generation of Crown equipment"

　　In addition to the traditional gasoline engine, the 14th-generation Crown also offers a hybrid version to choose from. This latest Hybrid system developed by Toyota consists of a 2.5-liter four-cylinder direct-injection gasoline engine and a high-power electric motor, with a maximum output of 220 horsepower (162 kW) and a fuel consumption of 23.2 km/L, approximately 4.3 L/100 km.

　　At present, Toyota’s 14th generation crown has been pre-ordered in Japan, and launched two series options (different design styles), Royal series is 3.53 million – 5.36 million yen (about RMB 259,700 – 394,400), ATHLETE sports series is 3.57 million – 5.75 million yen (262,700 – 423,100). (Text/Autohome Xingmin)

● Read more:

　　On December 25th, Toyota’s new generation of Crown real car was revealed
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201212/446837.html

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In mid-December, the expert demonstration meeting of domestic BIM whole-process application cases was held in Guangzhou. Academicians, experts and entrepreneur representatives from the field of engineering construction gathered at the Guanglianda Smart Construction and South China Headquarters Base Project (hereinafter referred to as "Guanglianda South China Headquarters Base") to demonstrate the value of the project as a domestic BIM whole-process application case and the industry can learn from the promotion and give high praise.

Ding Lieyun, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, chief scientist of the National Digital Construction Technology Innovation Center, Xing Feng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice president of Guangzhou University, Wang Tiehong, former chief engineer of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Wang Guangbin, professor and doctoral tutor of Tongji University, Li Qiming, professor and doctoral tutor of Southeast University, Deng Mingsheng, chief expert of China Construction Eighth Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd., chairperson of the Building Information Technology Committee of Guangzhou Municipal Construction Science and Technology Commission, He Guanpei, chief engineer of the digital strategy of Guangzhou Pearl River Foreign-funded Building Design Institute, Chen Xianrui, chairperson and party secretary of AVIC Plaza Construction Group, Cui Guoyou, chairperson of Henan Wufang Design Institute, and other academicians and experts and entrepreneurs attended the demonstration.

Domestic BIM whole process application sharing

As a demonstration project of the National Digital Construction Technology Innovation Center for technology application and model innovation, Guanglianda South China Headquarters has piloted the development and application of domestic independent BIM platform software, actively expanded the application scenarios of domestic BIM software in the whole life cycle of engineering projects, and built a whole-process domestic BIM software product ecosystem, setting a benchmark and boosting confidence for industry enterprises to carry out the whole-process digital application.

Practice the digitalization of the whole process of BIM and develop its own and easy-to-use top software

The construction of Guanglianda South China Headquarters Base adopts the EPC (General Contracting) model and integrates BIM (Building Information Modeling), prefabricated, green construction and other construction technologies, which is a comprehensive practice of the concept of "digital architecture".

Yuan Zhenggang, chairperson and president of Guanglianda Technology joint stock company, said that this project is one of the few typical projects in the construction field that uses completely self-developed domestic BIM software and platform to empower the whole life cycle of the construction industry. The main purposes of the whole process of BIM application practice include: first, to solve the problem of data standardization and integration; second, to promote the refinement of project management through the structuring of the business; third, to continuously improve the value of products through the deep integration of the business team and the software team, and to polish the top software that belongs to the Chinese people. This is the responsibility of Chinese technology companies and the glorious mission of helping the digital transformation of the construction industry.

In the whole process application of domestic BIM in Guanglianda South China Headquarters Base, based on the analysis of the business essence logic of the whole process of the project, identify the core business scenarios and build models and data unit frameworks accordingly to ensure the consistency and smooth flow of business, data and models. Through the digital analysis of business, the design, cost, production, quality, safety and other information are exchanged and shared, the mapping is established and the circulation is realized, and the business value scenario based on the BIM model is designed.

Facing product design, the project drives the response of building functions and the design of building modules and systems through the analysis of building product requirements. Each professional design determines the corresponding building standards, system configuration standards, product standards, and composition practice standards according to the splitting of modules and systems. With the help of localized BIM software integrated design and cost model, different design schemes and cost data are linked to determine the optimal product composition scheme and cost subject standard, and realize integrated forward design to ensure that the owner’s needs are met.

Facing engineering construction, through the detailed analysis of planning, safety and quality management and public resource management, and taking engineering tasks as the basic unit, the construction management planning focusing on time, space and people based on BIM model is realized. During the construction process, the integration of IoT (Internet of Things), AI (artificial intelligence) and other technical means, real-time and dynamic collection of human, machine, material, method, ring and other element information, to create a digital command cabin of intelligent construction site with digital-model linkage and virtual-real combination, tracking the status of the project site, and providing support for project decision-making.

Facing the construction operation and maintenance, the project first identifies and analyzes the needs of each major under different operating conditions during the design process, and avoids redundant and unreasonable system configuration in the design of each major. At the same time, the building requirements and standards, system configuration parameters, operation logic and operation strategy are integrated into the BIM model to ensure the complete undertaking of the operation and maintenance stage and the effective execution of the design intention. During the operation process, the operation strategy is dynamically optimized through the feedback of the actual operation effect.

Taking the business value scenario of domestic BIM application as the main line, through the interoperability of the whole process, the whole business line, the whole professional model and data, the construction of Guanglianda South China headquarters base will eventually form a set of demand-oriented, design-oriented breakthrough point, supported by refined process management and control, and integrated with scientific management mode, advanced business practices and digital technology application.

Deep application of domestic design software empowers the digital transformation of the construction industry

According to Yang Wei, vice president of Guanglianda Technology joint stock company, the successful application of the whole process of digitalization in Guanglianda’s South China headquarters base stems from Guanglianda’s professional accumulation and technical accumulation for more than 20 years. Guanglianda BIM series software has covered most of the business needs of the whole process of engineering construction, and even made important breakthroughs in the field of engineering design software where foreign software has a significant advantage.

Data-driven integrated design solutions lay the foundation for the whole process of digital construction. In 2022, Guanglianda released a digital design product set. The product set is based on the independent intellectual property graphics platform and is a full-professional BIM forward design solution product. Guanglianda’s South China headquarters base adopts digital design software and collaboration platform. Through the "cloud + end" collaboration model, it realizes the forward design of BIM and multi-professional collaboration of architecture, structure, electromechanical and other majors from the scheme, construction map to the deepening stage. It realizes the flow of models and data at each stage of design-calculation-construction. Through the seamless docking of design models and calculation models, the matching mapping of design and cost at each stage is established, and the cost control from the design source is realized.

Localized BIM + IoT + AI to realize visual management. The project sets up more than 200 intelligent hardware to perceive the real information happening on site, and matches the corresponding management scenarios through information aggregation. Based on the model, time, space and people focus are realized. Through built-in AI rules, based on real-time and on-site records of the construction process, the progress, safety and quality of the project site are automatically identified. Through the combination of virtual and real on site and BIM model, the visual management and data-aided scientific decision-making of the engineering site are realized.

Digital and intelligent technology to support intelligent construction. For on-site public resources, such as tower cranes, vertical elevators, material yards, roads, etc., the project uses digital and intelligent technology to achieve fine control and ensure better and more efficient multi-professional construction distribution. Taking the tower crane as an example, the type of lifting objects and lifting actions are built into the AI algorithm to carry out ergonomic analysis. Through the time-consuming analysis of various materials in each link of hoisting, the subsequent use time of the tower crane can be reasonably anticipated to ensure the progress is controlled. The project also linked the progress plan with the BIM model to establish a quality management and safety management system based on engineering tasks.

Based on data-driven integrated design solutions, as well as localized BIM, IoT, AI and other digital technologies, Guanglianda South China Headquarters Base has opened up the digital chain of the whole life cycle of the project, allowing data at all stages to generate "chemical reactions", and building application scenarios for data-driven decision-making in the whole process, laying the foundation for fully empowering the digital transformation of the construction industry.

Reach the industry’s leading level and can be widely used

During the demonstration, the expert group conducted an on-site inspection of Guanglianda’s South China headquarters base and listened to the report on the "Domestic BIM Whole Process Application Demonstration Report". Experts attending the meeting fully discussed and reached a consensus.

The expert group believes that Guanglianda’s domestic independent BIM platform software functions meet most of the business needs of the whole process of engineering projects. Compared with the existing foreign related software, it is more in line with the actual management of domestic engineering projects and has the conditions for localization. At the same time, it has reached the industry’s leading level and has the conditions for promotion and replication. It is recommended to promote application in the industry.

The expert group gave high praise to the domestic BIM whole-process application of Guanglianda South China Headquarters Base, as a demonstration project of domestic BIM whole-process application, to achieve full-professional, whole-process business communication, data communication, and model communication.

The successful holding of the demonstration pointed out the direction for the digital application of the whole process of BIM in the construction industry, opened a new channel for the large-scale application of domestic BIM series software in the construction industry, and also established confidence for industry enterprises to promote digital transformation and start the digital application of the whole process of construction projects. With the large-scale implementation of this technology, it is bound to accelerate the development of new concepts, new technologies and new models in the industry, which will deeply empower the digital transformation of the construction industry and help the high-quality development of the construction industry.

　　In recent years, cars have become a necessity in every family life, so the role of cars in family life has become more and more important. It should not only undertake the needs of families, but also undertake the role of business socialization. In this case, it is very necessary to choose a car with large space and high intelligence. For this reason, new energy and traditional fuel vehicles have joined the market scramble. Among them, the outstanding representative of new energy is no exception. After the new M7 was listed on September 12, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology disclosed the information of the M9, which means that this flagship model positioned as a full-size SUV will be listed soon. This car claims to be the best SUV within 10 million yuan, and it is said that it can directly challenge Maibakh GLS, BMW X7 and Land Rover Range Rover, and can fully crush the ideal L9.

　　Domineering and elegant, asking M9 is more fashionable.

　　Although different people have different opinions on the design of the appearance, it can be seen from the declaration of this exposure that compared with other models, the front face of the M9 in Wenjie adopts a fully enclosed design style, and it is also equipped with Huawei’s million-pixel smart headlights, with a penetrating light group, which enhances the recognition and shows a full sense of technology. Compared with other models, the face value of the M9 is higher.

　　In terms of face value creation, the world M9 is at the forefront of fashion. The new car of the same brand, Wenjie New M7, does not fall in the wind. Wenjie New M7 offers five body colors, namely, gold-plated black, deep space gray, pine frost green, azure blue and ice crystal silver, and the main appearance colors are ice crystal silver and azure blue. The front face is full of domineering, and the slender body perfectly harmonizes fortitude and elegance, handsome and elegant.

　　Compared with the configuration, the M9 has more temperature.

　　From the aspect of configuration, the configuration of these models is indeed slightly inferior to that of the M9. When it comes to traditional fuel flagship models such as Maibakh GLS and BMW X7, they are basically equipped with more conventional configurations such as fatigue reminder, anti-lock braking, LED daytime running lights, brake assist, lane departure warning and 360-degree parking image. Compared with the new energy star player such as Ideal L9, the advantages displayed by M9 in the world are also obvious. Backed by Huawei, Wenjie M9 is equipped with ADS 2.0 advanced intelligent driver and HarmonyOS 4.0 cockpit, which will arm the intelligence to the extreme, especially the equipped Xiaoyi intelligent assistant, who knows more about cars and you. Even if you interrupt your speech, it can accurately obtain your needs and provide accurate services. Barrier-free man-machine communication will allow drivers and passengers to enjoy an unprecedented ride experience.

　　It is worth mentioning that the HarmonyOS Intelligent Cockpit System is also standard on the new M7, except that the new M7 adopts HarmonyOS Intelligent Cockpit 3.0, and the super desktop brings more mobile phone applications, and the mobile phone "touches" can realize the continuous circulation of applications such as drama and games. In addition, HUAWEI MagLink in the back row has developed a new way to play space scenes. Huawei tablets can be hung and connected immediately, realizing multi-device linkage. The smart cockpit changes into a personal workshop, a multi-person conference room and a children’s study, and the magic space is flexibly switched to create a "mobile whole house intelligence".

　　Compared with space, the M9 is more spacious and comfortable.

　　Finally, let’s take a look at the spatial comparison of these cars. Although these cars are all full-size SUVs, the size design is still different. Specifically, Maibakh GLS has a length, width and height of 5210/2030/1838mm and a wheelbase of 3135mm, while BMW X7 has a length, width and height of 5170/2000mm/1835mm and a wheelbase of 3105mm, and Land Rover Range Rover has a length, width and height of 5252/2047/1870mm and a wheelbase of 3197mm, respectively. Comparatively speaking, the car body size of the car body of the car body M9 is 5230mm, the car width is 1999mm, the car height is 1800mm, and the wheelbase is 3110 mm. Compared with its competitors, it is at the leading level, with more momentum and more comfortable riding space. The space of M9 in the world is shown in these models, so it really should be "far ahead".

　　Also known as "far ahead" is the new M7, which is superior to its peers in terms of space building. The body size is 5020mm×1945mm×1760mm, the effective space inside the car reaches 3338mm, and the "occupancy rate" is 66.3% ahead of its peers. Through ingenious design, the comfort of people inside the car is improved. It can be said that the listing of the new M7 will redefine the medium and large SUV.

　　At the new product launch conference of Huawei in April this year, Yu Chengdong said: "M9 is the best SUV in 10 million" when he previewed the new M9 car. From the above aspects, whether it is the new M7 or the M9, it is full of black technology to meet the diversified needs of different users. If you have plans to buy a full-size SUV, you may wish to wait for the M9, which will be listed at the end of the year. It is a sincere work and I believe it will surprise you!

Original title: 2024 Hainan Football Association Sunday League (spring) kicked off in early April.

News from New Hainan Client and Nanhai Net on March 21st (Reporter Chen Wang) On March 21st, the reporter learned from Hainan Football Association that the Sunday League (spring) of Hainan Football Association in 2024 will start in early April, with five age groups, namely U6, U7, U8, U9 and U10, and nearly 1,000 young football fans in the province will participate.

It is understood that both U6 Group and U7 Group adopt a five-person system, with 20 minutes in the first half and 20 minutes in the second half. U6 Group uses No.3 ball and U7 Group uses No.4 ball. In addition, male and female players of all ages can be mixed into teams, and the number of substitutions is not limited. After replacement, they can be replaced. Group U8 and Group U9 both adopted the small seven-a-side system and the No.4 ball, and the first half and the second half were 25 minutes each. Group U10 adopts the regular seven-a-side system and No.4 ball, with 30 minutes in the first half and 30 minutes in the second half.

The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Football Association said that the Sunday League of Hainan Football Association has been favored by youth football clubs and campus football teams in the province since its establishment three years ago, providing a platform for football teenagers in the province to exchange skills. Originally, the event was held once a year, but later it was held twice a year, in spring and autumn respectively. (Chen Wang)

CCTV News:CCTV reporters learned from the State Sports General Administration that from this year to 2020, China will further promote the all-round development of China Wushu, focusing on social Wushu, competitive Wushu, international promotion, Wushu culture, Wushu education, Wushu research and Wushu industry, building three pillars of Wushu, Wushu ceremony and Wushu morality, developing three fields of traditional Wushu, competitive Wushu and Wushu industry, and doing a good job in Wushu education and Wushu research. Serve the amateur, professional and professional groups of Wushu, give full play to the four functions of spreading Wushu skills, inheriting Wushu culture, spreading Wushu spirit and conveying the concept of healthy life, promote the healthy, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of Wushu, and contribute to building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a healthy China.

Zhang Qiuping, director of the Wushu Management Center of the State Sports General Administration and chairman of the Chinese Wushu Association: As the Chinese Wushu Association and the Wushu Management Center of the State Sports General Administration, we should adapt to the new situation of Wushu development. First, we should provide more Wushu services to the society on the public sports service system. Because there are many kinds of martial arts in China, on the one hand, we should inherit it well, on the other hand, we should innovate, and combine the traditional with the modern to adapt to all kinds of people. It is necessary to increase the supply of Wushu products in the supply-side reform. Provide more fitness services and sports popularization activities. At present, our primary task is "mass Wushu". In addition to providing more sports service activities on the supply side, our Wushu sports should always do a good job of "six advances", that is, entering schools, communities, towns, enterprises, institutions and military camps.

According to the National Fitness Plan recently issued by the State Council, by 2020, people’s awareness of physical fitness will be generally enhanced, and the number of people taking part in physical exercise will increase significantly, with 700 million people taking part in physical exercise once or more every week and 435 million people taking part in physical exercise regularly. Zhang Qiuping introduced that in the development of overall fitness, Wushu, as the first of China’s four national quintessences, is also a popular local sport, which will play an important role.　

Zhang Qiuping, director of the Wushu Sports Management Center of the State Sports General Administration and chairman of the Chinese Wushu Association: What we want to grasp is the education, inheritance and excavation of Wushu, including culture. Wushu is now more than just a sport. There are so many sports events in the world. Although Wushu has not been included in the Olympic Games, its popularity has been increasing. This reason is that Wushu is China’s own sport. It is not only a sports concept, but also a cultural concept. Therefore, we should explore the culture and serve the national fitness.

　

It is understood that from this year, the state will vigorously promote the popularization of social martial arts, organizations at all levels, folk martial arts activities, people’s martial arts fitness and other activities to ensure a steady increase in the number of martial arts practitioners, so that the number of martial arts practitioners will reach 10% in five years. Among them, we will focus on promoting martial arts education in schools, strengthen cooperation with the Ministry of Education, encourage and support graduates majoring in martial arts to teach in primary and secondary schools, further optimize the structure of martial arts teachers, offer martial arts courses extensively in primary and secondary schools and universities across the country, and strive to increase the number of young people practicing martial arts by 10% year by year.　

Huo Zhenhuan, Vice Chairman of the International Wushu Federation, Chairman of the Asian Wushu Federation and Chairman of the Hong Kong Wushu Federation, recently visited the China Wushu Association.

Awarding prizes to the award-winning hometown of martial arts

Since the first selection of "National Wushu Hometown" in 1992, the work of Wushu Hometown has been solidly promoted. In particular, during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, remarkable achievements have been made in the work of Wushu Hometown, which has played an irreplaceable role in promoting the socialization and marketization of Wushu, inheriting Wushu culture and cultivating reserve talents. The counties and municipal governments where Wushu townships are located have begun to go beyond the perspective of sports, make full use of local Wushu resources and brand advantages, attach great importance to the work of Wushu townships from the strategy of promoting local economic development and social progress, and regard "National Wushu Township" as a characteristic business card for urban development.

　

Zhang Qiuping, director of the Wushu Sports Management Center of the State General Administration of Sport and chairman of the Chinese Wushu Association: After 23 years of exploration and development, the construction of the hometown of Wushu has gradually formed a development model with the government as the leading factor, the association as the main body, the cooperation of various departments and the participation of the whole society. This model has improved the brand influence of the hometown of Wushu in the field of Wushu, and under this brand effect, the number of counties and cities that declare the hometown of Wushu has also increased. At present, there are 100 martial arts townships in China. The dynamic management and elimination system is implemented for the "national martial arts townships", and the title of martial arts townships is no longer once and for all. This is a process of scientific evaluation and dynamic management. Every year, we have to review and select, and we have to suspend the qualifications of martial arts townships that fail to meet the standards, and we will add outstanding counties and cities. (CCTV reporter Zheng Yidan)

　　The medical staff are working. Xinhua news agency

　　Production of antiviral drugs. Xinhua news agency

　　editorial comment/note

　　How did the virus originate? What are scientists doing in developing drugs against Covid-19? It is the top priority for Chinese researchers to develop effective clinical drugs for Covid-19, improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality rate. On February 15th, Zhang Xinmin, director of the Biological Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, introduced that the drug screening and treatment program had made positive progress at the press conference held by the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on the latest progress of drug research and development and scientific research in Covid-19. The Ministry of Science and Technology organized a national excellent scientific research team to screen more than 70,000 drugs or compounds by computer simulation screening and in vitro enzyme activity test. At present, The scientific research team has focused on a few drugs, and a number of drugs, such as chloroquine phosphate, lundixivir, and farpiravir, have successively carried out clinical trials. At present, some drugs have initially shown good clinical efficacy. This issue focuses on the origin of the virus, drug research and development, and psychological anti-epidemic.

　

　　The structure of most viruses is very simple. Basically, it is a shell made of protein wrapped with some genetic material, which is no different from dead things at ordinary times. Once infected cells, they inject their own genes into the host cells and use the host cells to replicate themselves to produce new viruses. Is the virus a living thing? Where did they come from? Below, let’s take a look at three hypotheses about the origin of the virus.

　　Hypothesis 1 Ancient macromolecules Some macromolecules, such as RNA, DNA and protein, begin to replicate themselves independently or cooperatively, and this stage can be called "molecular life". However, in a peaceful molecular life, there is a different kind, that is, some molecular life, including LUCA, the latest common ancestor of all living things, which has developed a structure that has changed the law of life, that is, cells. Cells with membrane structure can better protect delicate core macromolecules such as RNA and protein, which greatly enhances the adaptability of these organisms, which means that they will rub their original molecular life on the ground. There is a hypothesis (The Virus-First Hypothesis) that the virus is the "adherents" of the primitive molecular life world. This hypothesis was once very popular, after all, the structure of viruses is so simple, even crude, and their differences from cell life are so great.

　　Some viruses can form crystals after purification, which is unimaginable for cell biology. More solid evidence comes from "Virusoid", which is an RNA molecule. Pseudovirus can’t infect cells directly, but it can infect viruses. To be exact, it can copy itself and spread itself by hitchhiking when some viruses infect cells, which can cause some diseases such as human hepatitis D.

　　Hypothesis 2 The gene of "defection" Genes can also defect? Yes, in The Progressive Hypothesis, genes will do anything to keep themselves alive.

　　There is a small circular DNA called "plasmid" widely in bacteria. These genes are basically a group of wage earners and temporary workers. Bacteria can absorb them from the environment for their own use at any time, and they can also drive them away at any time.

　　In many bacteria, in addition to their original DNA, there are often some small fragments of circular DNA, which are called plasmids. So in the long evolution, some plasmids learned one thing: we should not work all our lives! These plasmids changed from wage earners to wage earners, which in turn hijacked their bacterial boss and took away all the nutrients of bacteria to replicate themselves. Over time, some plasmids become viruses.

　　Bacteria often suffer from a kind of virus infection called "phage". Some people think that phage comes from plasmid. The cells and bacteria of human beings and all animals and plants are very different. We all belong to "eukaryotes". There are no plasmids like bacteria in the cells, but there are still some genes waiting to move. They refused to stay on the chromosome, but jumped around in the nucleus, running to this chromosome for a while and running to that chromosome for a while. However, these naughty genes do have a name of sage like type — — Transposon (transposon)

　　According to the detection of molecular biology, many transposons have very similar gene sequences to viruses, and the mechanism of integrating themselves into the chromosomes of host cells is also highly similar. In particular, the "Retrotransposon" among them is almost as similar as some viruses, and the only difference is that these transposons cannot migrate from cell to cell like viruses.

　　However, the origin of viruses is still confusing here, because they don’t follow the evolutionary model of general organisms at all.

　　The general process of virus infection is: inject your own genes into the host cells, then use the host cells to copy your own genes, and make all kinds of materials needed to construct virus particles. Finally, manipulate the cells to package all parts of virus particles together with the virus genes into new virus particles and release them to infect other cells. But in this process, the virus is exchanging genes with various organisms all the time.

　　For example, when a virus directs a host cell to package virus particles, it sometimes packages some host cell DNA, or accidentally leaves a little bit of its own gene in the host cell. There is a gene in mammals to prevent the maternal immune system from attacking the fetus, that is, a virus accidentally landed in our cells more than 100 million years ago. When the virus spreads across species, it often leads to the transfer of genes from one species to another.

　　Hypothesis 3 Decaying cellular organisms. After entering the 21st century, a series of discoveries began to make scientists more aware that there are other possibilities for the origin of the virus.

　　In 2003, scientists discovered a very unreasonable virus — — "Mimivirus", the size of this virus has reached 0.4 to 0.5 microns, which is almost the same as bacteria under the microscope. The coronavirus that caused this epidemic is considered to be a relatively large type of virus, and its size is less than 0.1 micron.

　　In 2008, scientists discovered the second big virus, and named it "Mamavirus". Since then, one kind of "Giant Virus" has appeared in human vision one after another. By the time Pandoravirus was discovered in 2013, the record of the largest virus was even more than 1 micron.

　　Pandora virus, the largest known virus, looks almost the same as a bacterium.

　　Since then, the boundaries between viruses and some single-celled organisms have become blurred. For example, the structure and genes of Bacteroides virus are very similar to those of a single-celled organism called archaea. The only difference is that Bacteroides virus has lost a part of the key genes that independently complete cell division, so it has to parasitize in the cells of other organisms and use the cells of the host to grow and reproduce.

　　So there is the third hypothesis of the origin of the virus (The Regressive Hypothesis), which holds that the virus is essentially a degenerate creature. Some single-celled organisms gradually degenerate most of their cell structures in the long-term parasitic life, and finally become this "living dead" general appearance, and the flow like bacteroides virus is an archaea that has just begun to degenerate.

　　Why do deadly viruses always come from wild animals? Let’s analyze it from the perspective of evolution.

　　The "best" virus does not cause too serious symptoms (otherwise it will kill the host itself), but it should not be too gentle (after all, the host is often infected with other viruses at the same time, so it is still necessary to grab resources). Therefore, in the long evolution, this game will promote the virus to finally reach a certain tacit understanding with the host. For example, human beings and rhinoviruses that may cause the common cold belong to this relationship.

　　However, the virus will mutate, and some mutations will cause the host of the virus to change. Without the tacit understanding of long-term running-in between the virus and the new host, there will be the problem of "not paying attention to it", and some of them will bring fatal diseases to the host.

　　In the long-term evolution, human beings have reached a perfect tacit understanding with the viruses that accompanied them all the way from ancient ancestors, and the viruses from livestock, such as measles and flu, are not perfect, but they are somewhat tacit, so they rarely cause serious epidemics. Only the virus from wild animals has nothing to do with human beings, so almost all the diseases that caused the great plague came from wild animals. Therefore, I hope everyone can stay away from wild animals, including stray animals, and don’t raise or eat wild animals.

　　(Author: Tang Cheng Author: Center for Excellence and Innovation of Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, China Academy of Sciences)

　　Some netizens often ask: "I work outside, and I often don’t have enough vegetables. What should I do if I don’t have enough nutrition?" I always feel uncomfortable if I don’t eat vegetables! Is there any food that can replace the nutrition of fresh vegetables? Can taking multivitamin pills replace eating vegetables? "

　　Indeed, many people go to barren hills or deserts, to foreign countries, to frontier areas and to poverty-stricken areas because of work needs, or for reasons such as teaching and helping the poor. These places often do not have enough fresh vegetables to supply. Even if there are vegetables, they are mostly radishes, cabbages and potatoes, especially leafy vegetables lacking dark green.

　　If it’s ten days and a half, that’s fine. Get over it first, and then make it up when you come back. However, if it is a few months, or even a year or two, the lack of vegetables will inevitably affect your health.

　　As we all know, adequate vegetables are very important for supplying vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin K, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dietary fiber and various antioxidant substances.

　　Ideally, there should be vegetables in the meal, and 300 to 500 grams of vegetables are eaten every day, and this weight does not include the part thrown into the trash can, but the part that is directly imported.

　　In the case of really not eating enough, you can take the following seven remedial measures. Although it can’t completely solve the problem, it can at least reduce some damage to the nutritional balance and make the body get more comprehensive nutritional and health care ingredients.

　　Temporarily supplement multivitamins.

　　If the dose of vitamin supplements is not too large, close to the normal amount of reasonable dietary intake, taking supplements is harmless. All the worries about supplements are in the case of large quantities. The vitamin content of some products is ten times or even dozens of times the daily recommended value, which is not suitable for long-term use.

　　It must be recognized that although these nutrient supplements can prevent vitamin deficiency, they cannot replace all the health functions of vegetables, such as supplying potassium, calcium and magnesium, dietary fiber, antioxidants and other phytochemicals.

　　Prepare some dried vegetables.

　　You can buy some dried vegetables that can rise after soaking in water, take them to your work area, or order them online. Such as dried seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida, kelp, etc.), dried mushrooms, dried mushrooms, dried fungus, dried bamboo shoots, and evergreen (dried vegetables), as a supplement to the lack of vegetables.

　　Dried products are convenient to store and carry, and it is also convenient to cook dishes after soaking. For example, put some soaked fungus and mushrooms in cooking, add some soaked bamboo shoots and mushrooms in stew and chicken, and add some soaked Undaria pinnatifida in soup, all of which are quite delicious.

　　Although there are fewer vitamins after drying, at least a lot of minerals and dietary fiber can be supplemented. Minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium can still be preserved after drying. In particular, most dietary fiber can be preserved, which is very helpful to prevent constipation.

　　Substitute potato, sweet potato, yam and other potatoes.

　　Potato is a kind of food between vegetables and staple food. It contains starch, vitamin C, rich potassium, and some antioxidants, and its dietary fiber content is much higher than that of white rice and white flour.

　　If potatoes are used to replace part of white rice and steamed bread, more vitamin C, B vitamins, potassium and dietary fiber can be obtained on the premise of the same total carbohydrate.

　　For people who need to lose weight, we must pay attention to the fact that when eating potatoes, we should not put oil and salt. Instead, we should put them in a rice cooker and steam them with rice, and reduce the amount of white rice and flour while eating potatoes.

　　For people who need to gain weight, adding some potato foods such as potatoes and yam to their daily staple food, such as stewing potatoes into vegetables, is just conducive to gaining weight.

　　Increase the number of daily vegetables

　　In some remote areas, although there are no fresh green leafy vegetables, there are still some storable vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, onion and carrot.

　　Although Chinese cabbage is not as nutritious as green leafy vegetables, it still contains a certain amount of vitamin C, dietary fiber and minerals.

　　As long as you increase your food intake and eat more Chinese cabbage, you can get more nutrients and partially make up for the loss of insufficient varieties. This is the so-called "quantity compensation for insufficient quality". Carrot itself is a good thing. Eating some often can at least prevent vitamin A deficiency.

　　Send bean sprouts and bean sprouts to increase green leafy vegetables.

　　You can use soybeans, black beans, peas, etc. to soak them and eat them yourself to increase the variety of vegetables. Bud sprouts can spread green leaves as long as they see light, which belongs to green leafy vegetables. Common sprout vegetables include radish seedlings, buckwheat seedlings and peanut seedlings. The sprouts taste good and can be fried. Radish seedlings and buckwheat seedlings can also be eaten raw and cold directly.

　　Even if there are only wheat and barley seeds, they can be made into wheat seedlings, then cut off and beaten into juice with their own beater. This is the best "green juice".

　　It would be better if you could bring some seeds of green leafy vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and rape. You can get fresh vegetables by growing your own vegetables.

　　Order canned vegetables online

　　At present, there are many canned vegetables, such as canned tomatoes, canned green beans, canned mushrooms, canned asparagus, canned pickles, canned corn shoots, canned/bagged ketchup, etc., and the price of ordering in boxes is not high.

　　Although canned food loses some vitamin C, it is not zero, and there is no loss of dietary fiber and potassium. It is convenient for storage and transportation, so direct order is enough. Take it out every day and eat a little at every meal, which still plays a big role in supplying nutrition.

　　With all kinds of flower and fruit tea materials that can be soaked in water.

　　Prepare your favorite tea, coffee, dried rose, dried chrysanthemum, dried roselle, dried lemon, etc., and make a drink with hot water. Although the quantity is limited, it can increase the supply of potassium, vitamin C, organic acids and some antioxidant substances.

　　The so-called methods are always more difficult. As long as these methods are used in combination, we can overcome the difficulty of insufficient vegetables, and make our diet life much richer and healthier.

　　Text/Fan Zhihong (Director of China Nutrition Society)