Original Jiulu Medical Digestive Liver Disease Channel was included in the collection # World Hepatitis Day 4 # Hepatitis B 3 # Hepatitis B Vaccine 1.

For medical professionals’ reference only.

Actively vaccinate against hepatitis B and eliminate hepatitis B at an early date.

China is a country with high prevalence of hepatitis B infection. It is estimated that there are about 70 million people infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), including 20-30 million patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Since hepatitis B was included in the planned immunization management in China in 2002, the survey in 2014 showed that the number of hepatitis B carriers among children under 5 years old dropped to 0.32%, which means that more than 80 million children have been protected from hepatitis B infection since the implementation of hepatitis B vaccine. So who needs hepatitis B vaccine? How long does the protection last? Do you want to replant?

On July 28th, World Hepatitis Day, the "medical community" invited Professor Jiang Yongfang, member of the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and director of the Infectious Diseases Department of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, to make a detailed interpretation of hepatitis B vaccination according to the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B (2019) (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines").

Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection.

"Hepatitis B vaccine mainly reduces or avoids hepatitis B infection by producing effective hepatitis B surface antibodies after inoculation. However, with the extension of time, the protection of hepatitis B surface antibodies will also decrease. " Director Jiang introduced.

Different people are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, and the precautions are different. For high-risk groups, such as medical personnel, people engaged in food processing, and people whose immediate family members are infected with hepatitis B, they should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and tested for hepatitis B surface antibodies for 3-5 years. Director Jiang said: "For patients whose titer of hepatitis B surface antibody is less than 100, they should be strengthened or re-vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine."

For ordinary people who are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, they should also be tested for hepatitis B surface antibody for 5-10 years. If the hepatitis B surface antibody decreases, they should also be strengthened or re-vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.

Director Jiang also mentioned, "In recent years, great changes have taken place in hepatitis B vaccine in China, from inactivated/attenuated vaccine in 1970s to gene recombination vaccines now. Compared with inactivated/attenuated vaccine, the side effects of gene recombination vaccines are relatively few, and for most people, hepatitis B vaccine has no absolute contraindication. However, patients who are allergic to vaccines during the period of cold and fever should choose not to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine.

"China has a large population base and a large number of hepatitis B vaccinations. We are very experienced in the quality and efficiency of hepatitis B vaccination and have strong safety. In general, hepatitis B vaccine is a key measure to reduce hepatitis B infection. " Director Jiang stressed.

Hepatitis B vaccination targets are mainly newborns.

The sooner you get the hepatitis B vaccine, the better. The guideline suggests that the target of hepatitis B vaccination is mainly newborns, followed by infants, uninmunized people under the age of 15 and high-risk people. Hepatitis B vaccine needs to be inoculated with 3 shots in the whole process, that is, according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months, after the first shot, the second and third shots are inoculated at 1 month and 6 months.

The guideline also added the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin as soon as possible within 12 hours of birth for premature infants and low-birth-weight infants born to mothers with unknown HBsAg. After one month of age, complete hepatitis B vaccine immunization according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months.

Director Jiang emphasized: "The purpose of this is to reduce the infection risk of premature infants and low-energy infants when the mother’s infection is unknown."

Improve the success rate of mother-to-child blocking

Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through mother-to-child, blood and sex. Before the implementation of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunization program in China, HBV was mainly transmitted from mother to child. Newborns with HBsAg positive mothers should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 12 hours of birth for mother-to-child blocking. At present, the success rate of mother-to-child blocking has reached more than 95%, but 5% of children still fail to block mother-to-child.

Director Jiang explained: "The failure of mother-to-child blocking is mainly related to the following three points. First: the mother’s hepatitis B virus load is very high; Second, the mother is positive for HBsAg and E antigen; Third: the vaccination is not standardized, parents do not pay attention to it, and the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine are not vaccinated in time. "

For newborns who have failed mother-to-child vaccination, the hepatitis B vaccination should be completed again according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months, and the hepatitis B surface antibody of the children should be monitored after 1-2 months. If no antibody is produced, the success rate should be improved by increasing the number and dosage of vaccination.

In addition, Director Jiang also introduced: "With the progress of the times, there are better ways to block mother and child. The’ Zero Mother-to-Child Transmission Project of Hepatitis B’ was launched in China, and even Hunan Province joined the plan. Improving the mother-to-child blocking rate can also monitor the HBV-DNA titer at the 24th week of pregnancy. When the HBV-DNA titer is greater than 105UI/mL, the pregnant mother will be given antiviral treatment, and then the newborn will be given hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin vaccination plan. Common antiviral drugs are tenofovir, entecavir and lamivudine. Among them, tenofovir can be used not only during pregnancy, but also during lactation. "

On July 28th, World Hepatitis Day, a message to hepatitis B patients.

(Click on the video to view)

Viral hepatitis includes hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis C is curable, and hepatitis B is also controllable, preventable and treatable.

For the majority of patients with hepatitis B, once they find themselves infected with HBV, they should go to the hospital for regular examination and make standardized diagnosis and treatment under the guidance of doctors.

For patients with hepatitis B infection in their immediate family members, they should also go to the hospital actively to prevent aggregation transmission and get diagnosis and treatment in time.

For ordinary people, they should actively go to the hospital for examination, and actively replant or inoculate hepatitis B vaccine when there is no hepatitis B surface antibody or the hepatitis B surface antibody is low.

For medical staff, we should increase publicity, not only for patients, but also for doctors in non-infectious departments and non-hepatology departments, deepen the awareness of people with viral hepatitis and actively treat viral hepatitis.

Only with the joint efforts of all, can we achieve the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis in 2030 proposed by the World Health Organization.

Expert introduction

Director Jiang Yongfang

Director of Hunan Engineering Research Center for New Artificial Liver

Director, Department of Infectious Diseases/Department of Infectious Diseases/Liver Disease Center, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University

Deputy Director, Institute of Liver Diseases, Central South University

Member of Infectious Diseases Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association.

Member of Fatty Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease Branch of Chinese Medical Association.

Member of end-stage liver disease group of liver disease branch of Chinese Medical Association.

Member of Bacteriology and Fungology Section, Infectious Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association.

Young Member of the Seventh Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association

Standing Committee member of liver disease professional Committee of China Research Hospital Association

Member of the Professional Committee of Liver Diseases of China Medical Education Association

Vice Chairman of Liver Disease Professional Committee of Hunan Medical Association

Vice Chairman of Infectious Diseases Professional Committee of Hunan Medical Association

Deputy Editor-in-Chief of GUT Chinese Liver Disease Special Issue.

Engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of liver and infectious diseases, as well as pathological diagnosis of difficult liver diseases.

Mainly engaged in the study of oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, fatty liver and liver fibrosis. He presided over 4 national-level projects such as the National Natural Science Foundation, the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" sub-projects. The first finisher won the second prize of Hunan Natural Science Award, the third prize of Science and Technology Progress Award and the third prize of Medical Science and Technology Award. Published 30 SCI papers including GUT and HEPATOLOGY.

References:

[1] Wang Guiqiang, Duan Zhong Ping, Wang Fusheng, et al. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (2019 edition) [J]. Journal of Practical Liver Diseases, 2020.

This article starts: medical digestive liver disease channel

Author: Jiu Lu

Audit of this article: Director Jiang Yongfang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Second Hospital, Central South University.

Editor in charge: XU

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Original title: "Hepatitis B vaccine is not lifelong immunization, please keep this vaccination guide! | Interview with Professor Jiang Yongfang

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Due to historical reasons, China’s automobile brands have been lagging behind foreign brands in the field of traditional fuel vehicles, and these independent brands have been on the road of catching up with foreign brands. However, regardless of the national policy or the development of the times, the era of traditional fuel vehicles is coming to an end, and history has not given China’s independent brands too much time to catch up and surpass in the field of traditional fuel vehicles, which is also a pity for many independent brands and Chinese people. Fortunately, the rise of new energy vehicles has given independent brands the opportunity to "overtake in corners", and many independent brands have seized this opportunity to surpass foreign brands. Among them, the polar fox car from Beiqi Blue Valley is an independent brand model that walks at the top of new energy vehicles and leads the industry in high-level intelligence.

The polar fox auto start is late, but the starting point is high.

Compared with other new energy brands, Extreme Fox started late, but the starting point was high. On the one hand, it is backed by Beiqi Blue Valley, and it has an excellent technical foundation since it was born. It is one of the few new energy automobile enterprises in China that have mastered the core technology of the three-electric system of pure electric vehicles and the integrated matching technology of the whole vehicle, and through the reserve of technology and talents, it has rapidly realized the positive development of motorized vehicles and autonomous driving technology. And these high-tech research and development and reserves also provide more powerful technical support for the follow-up development of Extreme Fox.

On the other hand, Extreme Fox has also cooperated with Magna Factory, which has more than 100 years of high-end automobile manufacturing experience and history, introduced a world-class manufacturing standard system, built a factory with Industry 4.0 standard from the aspects of management mechanism, quality control and cost control, and ensured that the product quality reached the world’s high-end level, all of which ensured that Extreme Fox Automobile was actually "born with a golden key" and was ahead of other domestic, joint venture and even imported competitors in terms of technology and quality.

Extremely fox automobile realizes the lead of high-order intelligent track.

The pursuit of domestic and foreign brands in the field of car-making has enabled Extreme Fox to lead the industry in terms of performance and quality. In addition, Extreme Fox has increased its research and development efforts in the mainstream intelligent field, especially the deepening cooperation with Huawei, which has brought Huawei’s cutting-edge intelligence to the ground, so that Extreme Fox automobile products can also lead the market in the intelligent field and lead new energy vehicles to a higher level of intelligence.

The new HI version of Extreme Fox Alpha S is a great achievement of cooperation between Extreme Fox Automobile and Huawei in the field of intelligence. As the world’s first production car equipped with Huawei’s HI full-stack smart car solution, the world’s first production car supporting high-order intelligent driving on urban roads, and the world’s first luxury pure electric car equipped with Huawei’s HarmonyOS OS intelligent cockpit, the new HI version of Extreme Fox Alpha S has a higher level of intelligent driving and a more advanced intelligent perception ability than other new energy vehicles on the market. Its arrival also indicates that new energy vehicles have entered a new intelligent era.

Extremely Fox Cars Create an Ecological Circle of Friends in the Smart Car Industry Chain

In addition to cooperating with Huawei, Extreme Fox Auto has an open mind, built a circle of friends covering the ecology of the smart car industry chain around the smart car industry chain on the principle of "complementary advantages and win-win cooperation", including deepening joint ventures with giants such as Daimler and Bosch, taking advantage of the technology and market advantages of both parties, constantly improving the cooperative management mechanism, strengthening product research and development, and developing new technologies, thus forming a partnership with mutual priority and a highly coordinated development model.

We have made great efforts in the field of car-building, at the same time, we have seized the opportunity of smart trends, coordinated the world’s top resources, and carried out in-depth cooperation with international giants, all of which have created the industry leader in quality, performance, intelligence and other aspects of the products of Extreme Fox Automobile. The attitude of making cars, which constantly breaks through the boundaries between products and industries, is constantly leading the innovation of new energy smart car technology, and at the same time, it also helps the new rise of China automobile industry.

　　[News] On April 9, 2006, FAW held the official launch conference of the new car in Shanghai, and announced the price. There are 8 sagitar models listed this time, with the price ranging from 173,800 to 216,800.

　　FAW-Volkswagen said that sagitar sedan will provide users with a variety of optional combinations in full accordance with the order system from the date of listing, fully meeting the multi-level personalized needs of users.

　　There are 8 sagitar cars on the market this time, including: 5-speed manual fashion/luxury, with a price of 197,800 yuan/203,800 yuan; 1.8T 6-speed automatic hand-in-one fashion/luxury, with a price of 210,800 yuan/216,800 yuan; 2.0L 5-speed manual fashion/comfort type, the price is 173,800 yuan/179,800 yuan; 2.0L 6-speed automatic manual integration is fashionable/comfortable, and the price is 186,800 yuan/192,800 yuan. And there are blue, candy white, whirlwind red, ebony black, bright silver, pearlescent laser blue, combined gray and other colors for consumers to choose from.

　　The specific price is as follows:

Sagitar car system	Price (ten thousand yuan)
2.0L manual fashion	17.38
2.0L manual comfort	17.98
2.0L automatic fashion	18.68
2.0L automatic comfort	19.28
1.8T manual fashion	19.78
1.8T Manual Deluxe	20.38
1.8T automaticfashion	21.08
1.8T automatic luxury	21.68

　　Since the nationwide booking was accepted on February 25th this year, the sagitar car market has performed well. As of April 9th, the number of orders has exceeded 9,000, and many consumers who have already booked sagitar cars can pick up their existing cars from now on.

　　As the orthodox inheritor of German genes and another masterpiece of PQ35 platform, sagitar sedan adopts the brand-new design concept of German Volkswagen, which is calm internally and fashionable in appearance. It takes "German high-performance car" as its product positioning, "being a strong person" as its brand personality, and its target users are directed at the fashion elite, aiming to become a leader in the same class.

A model of high performance and high quality!

Central control of sagitar 1.8T automatic transmission model.

Sagitar 1.8T automatic transmission engine

　　Among them, sagitar 2.0 is equipped with a 2.0-liter gasoline engine, with a maximum of 85kW/5200rpm and a peak of 170 Nm/4000 rpm; The sagitar 1.8T is equipped with a 1.8-liter engine with a maximum power of 110/5800rpm, which can continuously output a peak torque of 220Nm between 2000 and 4600 rpm.

In [Autohome Shenzhen Discount Promotion Channel], a much-talked-about model is going through a big promotion in Shenzhen. According to the latest news, consumers can enjoy a car purchase subsidy of up to 18,000 yuan, which makes the minimum starting price of Xingtu Lanyue drop to 175,900 yuan. This is a great opportunity not to be missed. Friends who want to take advantage of this discount, please be sure to click "Check Car Price" in the quotation form to get more specific preferential policies.

The exterior design of Xingtu Lanyue shows a unique sense of modernity and power. On the front face, it adopts an atmospheric family-style design, and the iconic air intake grille adopts a large area of chrome decoration, which is integrated with the LED headlight set to give the vehicle a high degree of recognition. In the overall style, the body of Lanyue is smooth and the side profile is full, highlighting the perfect combination of luxury and sports. At the same time, the exquisite craftsmanship in the details further enhances its visual appeal. No matter from which angle, Xingtu Lanyue shows a confident and elegant style, which brings a strong visual impact to the driver.

With its exquisite body proportions and smooth side lines, Xingtu Lanyue shows a unique design beauty. The body size reaches 4970mm x 1940mm x 1792mm, and the wheelbase reaches 2900mm, ensuring a spacious riding space in the car. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1644mm, reflecting good stability and handling. Its tire specification is 245/50 R20, and the combination of tires and rims not only enhances the driving performance, but also gives the vehicle an elegant appearance style.

The interior design of Xingtu Lanyue highlights the sense of luxury and technology, using exquisite leather materials to create a comfortable and high-end driving atmosphere. The steering wheel is wrapped in leather, providing a good grip, and supports manual up and down and front and rear adjustment, which is convenient for drivers to adjust according to their needs. The center console is equipped with a large 15.6-inch screen, which clearly displays multimedia information, navigation system, phone, etc., and integrates automatic speech recognition function, which greatly enhances the convenience of operation.

The technological elements of the interior don’t stop there. Xingtu Lanyue is also equipped with USB and Type-C ports. There are 2 in the front row and up to 3 in the back row, which is convenient for passengers to connect to various electronic devices. The wireless charging function of mobile phones is located in the front row, which brings more convenience to daily use. In terms of seats, the main and passenger seats support front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and high and low adjustment, and the front seats are also equipped with heating and ventilation functions to ensure the comfort of drivers and passengers.

In addition, the driver’s seat also has a power seat memory function, allowing the driver to quickly find the most comfortable sitting position. The second row of seats also supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, making reasonable use of space, while the seat reclining function provides a flexible space solution for loading large items. The overall interior design takes into account practicality and luxury, bringing a superior riding experience to the occupants.

Xingtu Lanyue is equipped with a powerful 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum output of 192 kilowatts. This L4 engine has a strong performance of 261 horsepower, providing plenty of power for the vehicle. With the 8-speed automatic transmission, the driving process is smoother and more efficient, meeting the driver’s needs for power and handling.

Summarizing the owner’s evaluation of Xingtu Lanyue, its exterior design is deeply loved by him, and he believes that the international style it shows is a perfect fit with his personal preferences. The owner appreciates the power performance of the vehicle, emphasizing the strong power and rapid acceleration of its engine, which undoubtedly meets his high requirements for vehicle performance when working on the construction site. Overall, Xingtu Lanyue not only has an atmospheric appearance, but also has excellent internal strength. It is an ideal choice for car owners in Nanchong 1562382.

accelerate brake fuel consumption second rice liter Measured fuel consumption 4.3L test FAW Toyota Corolla Dual Engine Review Editor – Zhang Ke:

We are already very familiar with the hybrid system, the driving experience is relatively smooth, and driving in urban areas is very fuel-efficient. In fact, the biggest highlight is the price. This is the first time the hybrid system has been produced in a country other than Japan, and the cost is greatly reduced, making the hybrid model not too expensive than the conventional power model, and it is easier to get back the cost! If you often drive in urban areas, it is recommended to buy

Review Editor – Li Jia:

The sales of the gasoline version of the Corolla are already quite eye-catching at this level, so I am not worried about the market performance of the Corolla Dual Engine, because it is only a little more expensive than the ordinary gasoline version of the Corolla, but it is definitely a high-value, low-cost Corolla. If you don’t pay attention to the power flow diagram on the dashboard during daily driving, you can basically drive it as an ordinary gasoline version of the Corolla.

Review Editor -:

As a family car that focuses on economy, the performance of the Corolla Duo Engine is very satisfactory. Although the power is not outstanding, it can also meet the needs of urban transportation. The key point is the super economy, which makes people impeccable. Overall performance, I think it is not too much for the Corolla Duo Engine to get nine points. But unfortunately, in most areas, the Corolla Duo Engine is not included in the scope of subsidies for new energy vehicles, which is quite a pity, because the Duo Engine power does not need to rely on charging piles, it only needs to be refueled, and it has the advantages of more fuel-efficient traffic congestion, and the technology is mature. It can only be said that it is a bit "born at the wrong time".

On September 25, 2024, the second generation was officially launched. The new car launched three models, priced from 199,900 yuan to 229,900 yuan. The second generation Haval H9 was built on a tank platform and was positioned as a medium and large hard SUV, equipped with a 2.0T engine, body, and powerful four-wheel drive capability.

The listing of Haval H9 launched a total of three models, namely the exploration version, the expansion version and the extreme version, priced at 199,900 yuan, 215,900 yuan and 229,900 yuan respectively. Compared with the pre-sale price, the price of the new car has been reduced by 6,000 yuan, showing Great Wall Motor’s sincerity to the market and feedback to consumers. In addition, the factory also provided a replacement subsidy policy. The replacement subsidy for the old H9 model is as high as 20,000 yuan, and the replacement subsidy for other models is also 15,000 yuan, which further reduces the threshold for consumers to buy cars.

As a new generation model, the second-generation Haval H9 has been greatly upgraded in appearance, interior and power performance. The new car adopts the popular "square box" design, showing a tough and retro visual effect. The front grille is composed of four thick chrome-plated trims, and the center is inlaid with the "HAVAL" letter logo. With the retro-style square headlight set and round LED daytime running lights, the overall design is both rough and exquisite. The side of the body continues the body structure, and the straight waist line runs through the whole body, showing a slender and tough posture. At the rear of the car, the new car adopts an external spare tire and a longitudinal distribution of tail light sets. The tailgate is a side-opening design, and the overall shape complements the tough style of the body.

In terms of interior, the second-generation Haval H9 has also undergone a comprehensive renovation. The interior of the new car adopts a new design, and the layout is rough without losing the sense of technology. Equipped with a new steering wheel and a 14.6-inch floating center control screen, it improves the visual effect and operation convenience in the car. The sub-dashboard position adopts the same shift lever design as other models, and there are physical buttons and knobs around it, which is convenient for the driver to operate when off-road. The seat layout is available in 5-seat and 7-seat versions for consumers to choose from, and it is equipped with a panoramic sunroof, which further enhances the comfort and sense of space in the ride.

Off-road, the new car approach angle of 31 degrees, departure angle of 26 degrees, wading depth of 800mm, ground clearance of 224mm, can climb 45 degrees slope. Equipped with 7 driving modes such as standard, sports, economy, snow, mud, sand, 4L, etc., support tank turn-around, low-speed off-road cruise, transparent chassis and other functions. Torque can be enlarged by 2.64 times in low-speed four-wheel drive mode, and torque capacity is increased from 1200N · m to 1900N · m. The application ratio of high-strength steel in the body skeleton is 83%, which ensures the torsional stiffness of the body.

In terms of power, the new car is currently equipped with a 2.0T gasoline engine with a maximum power of 165 kilowatts, a peak torque of 385 Nm, and an 8-speed automatic transmission. The powertrain not only guarantees the vehicle’s strong power output, but also provides a smoother driving experience. In the future, Great Wall Motors also plans to launch models equipped with a 2.4T diesel engine to meet the needs of different consumers.

Haval H9, as the flagship SUV model of Great Wall Motor, has won the love and recognition of consumers with its excellent off-road performance, comfortable space experience and affordable price. The second-generation Haval H9 listed this time has been fully upgraded in appearance, interior and power performance. Can Haval H9 continue its brilliance in the 200,000-level market? We will wait and see!

With the release of the new MIIT declaration information, we have also seen the figure of a new car from Geely. The new car is named Xingyuan, which is a new pure electric small car. The new car uses a new pure electric platform, and the new design also makes it look more fashionable and interesting. It is understood that Geely Xingyuan will use lithium iron phosphate batteries, and also has an independent suspension design. The new car is expected to be launched in the third and fourth quarters of this year.

From the announcement picture, Geely Xingyuan adopts a new design language, with smooth and smooth body lines. It can be said that in the field of small pure electric cars, more youthful design ideas are integrated, and the golden body ratio of the new car creates a full and tense dynamic beauty. In addition, in terms of details, the new car adopts a closed front grille, and both sides are also equipped with headlights similar to rounded polygons and double C-shaped diversion grooves on both sides, which further strengthen the sporty characteristics. The size of the new car body is 4135 × 1805 × 1570mm, and the wheelbase is 2650mm.

Looking at the side of the car, Star Wish has front and rear raised eyebrow lines, hidden door handles, low wind resistance wheels, and a two-color body design, making the overall look very young. In the rear design, the new car also uses a tail light set similar to a rounded triangle, which echoes the front of the car very well.

According to relevant information, Geely Star is built on a new pure electric platform. In terms of power, the car is equipped with a lithium iron phosphate power battery, and the electric motor has two powers, 58kW and 85kW respectively. And for further information on the new car, we will continue to pay attention.

With the opening of the central heating curtain, many places have officially entered the "heating time". China Electric Technology’s digital intelligence solutions are widely used in energy, power and other industries to provide technical support for keeping warm and supply, and to send "warm happiness" to the people.

Walking into the smart heating network dispatching command center, on one side of the large screen, the total amount of steam supply, total steam consumption, total heat supply, total heat consumption, energy consumption analysis, alarm information, etc. The on-site staff monitored the data and carefully recorded the operating indicators… This is the "smart brain" of Shiyan City’s winter heating.

"Compared with traditional heating, smart heating emphasizes the application of emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data." According to technical experts from China Electric Technology, the company’s innovative "TECO Industrial Internet + Smart Heating Network" not only performs digital intelligent transformation of pipelines, equipment, meters, control and regulation equipment in the heating system, but also introduces technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data. It independently develops the DataKeeper industrial data platform and builds more than 20 models such as a network hydraulic calculation model, a heating load prediction model, and a cost accounting model, allowing the dispatching center to accurately and real-time understand every aspect of heating, and even provide services more efficiently according to the needs of each household.

Make the heating system smart. "This’source-network-station-household ‘intelligent scheduling mode makes the heating station start and stop with one click, unattended, and promotes the refined and energy-saving operation of the heating system." According to technical experts from China Electric Technology, the system meets the smart heating demand of the 860-ton/hour steam heating system, reducing the heat consumption per unit area by nearly 10%, reducing the heating network loss by 12%, and comprehensively improving the heating capacity and service level.

"The power supply of the system is normal, so we can rest assured. The weather is so cold, we dare not have any problems with heating." In the cold winter, electric heating, as an efficient and environmentally friendly heating method, is increasingly accepted by the majority of users.

In order to protect the safe conversion of each kilowatt-hour of electricity, the intelligent inspection system of power plants supported by China Electric Power Technology has realized the digital upgrade of inspection work and made full preparations for the peak heating electricity consumption in winter.

In the fuel area, the intelligent inspection system can calculate the cross-sectional volume of the coal pile on the belt before and after entering the coal drop pipe, compare the coal volume passing through the inner belt per unit time, and determine whether the phenomenon of coal blocking and coal spilling occurs. The management staff will be notified as soon as possible to deal with it. The addition of multi-dimensional sensing technologies such as video and laser allows the symptoms of belt tearing to be detected in time at the early stage. In the production area with a more difficult environment, intelligent machines, intelligent cameras, thermal imaging online temperature measurement equipment and video intelligent analysis are "stationed" 24/7, not only to achieve "visible" temperature measurement, but also to solve the annoying "running and dripping" problem with intelligent IoT technology.

Gas is ignited, electricity becomes heat, and these energy sources have "traveled" thousands of miles when they are used. In the process of electricity and gas transmission, they often pass through the transit hub – the station valve chamber. For the station valve chambers that are often built in remote areas, China Electric Technology uses digital technology to build an intelligent sensing system to solve the needs of buried pipeline leaks "not visible", gas leaks "not audible", and manual quick judgment.

"The station valve chamber plays an important role in the networking and control regulation of long-distance pipelines, but over time, there will be leaks and leaks." According to technical experts from China Electric Technology, manual inspections often encounter problems such as real-time monitoring difficulties and difficulty in judging hidden dangers. The self-developed positioning-type vibration optical fiber senses the environmental status around the pipeline in real time, and sends an early warning signal in time when there is an external force touch. The positioning-type temperature measurement optical fiber senses the temperature change of the pipeline in real time, and judges and locates the leakage of gas and liquid in the pipeline. Industrial auscultation microphones, sonographs, etc., extract mechanical voiceprints in real time, intelligently judge the status and fault type of equipment, and fully safeguard the safety of energy pipelines.

[Editor in charge: Yu Zhaojun]

　　Zhang Laifu, an order-taking champion of an online car-hailing platform, wipes the vehicle between waiting for customers. Xinhua News Agency reporter, photo by Luo Xiaoguang

　　Recently, the news that drivers of a certain online ride-hailing platform cannot withdraw cash has been hyped up, and the discussion on who will protect the labor rights and interests of online ride-hailing drivers has also become heated.

　　The sharing economy is surging, and the "threshold" for providing labor services has been lowered to the extent that everyone can participate. How to protect the rights and interests of workers under this "flexible employment" has reached a level that cannot be ignored.

　　What is the relationship between Internet platforms and workers? There is still much debate

　　Mr. Yu, a Beijing-based taxi driver, has been taking orders through a well-known online ride-hailing platform for the past two years. Talking about why he wanted to work as a taxi driver, Mr. Yu said that he was in his 40s and could not find a good job in his hometown in Hebei. He felt that the income from driving a car was not bad, so he went to Beijing to work. "The situation like mine is very common among the car drivers I know."

　　Master Yu told reporters that when he first arrived, he was employed by a certain online car-hailing platform. After signing an employment contract, his monthly salary was about five or six thousand yuan, and the company paid five insurances and one housing fund for him.

　　"But after all, it’s still someone else’s car," so Master Yu gritted his teeth and took out a loan to buy a private car worth more than 200,000 yuan. Master Yu said that now as a full-time car driver, "after deducting various operating costs, the monthly net income is about 7,000 to 8,000 yuan."

　　But Master Yu also has troubles. After the labor relationship with the last online car-hailing company was terminated, the new platform was not responsible for paying five insurances and one gold for it, and Master Yu was not willing to spend the money himself. "Now I don’t pay social security anymore."

　　Drivers like Mr. Yu are facing problems with their way out when Beijing’s online car-hailing platform begins to implement the "Beijing Citizenship and Beijing License" policy on May 1. Since there is no labor relationship with the online car-hailing platform, he has not yet figured out what to do next. "The platform has to take about 20% of the fee for each order." Mr. Yu said that discounts and subsidies for drivers have also been cut a lot in the past two years. "It is unreasonable that the platform is only responsible for taking a percentage, but it does not have any obligations to the special car."

　　Online car-hailing has worn the halo of "sharing economy" since its inception. However, for such a brand-new thing as "sharing economy", the current laws and regulations have not clearly stipulated the relationship between Internet platforms and workers, and there is still a lot of debate among academics and the public.

　　At present, the most important basis for the management of online car-hailing is the "Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Business Services" (hereinafter referred to as the "Interim Measures") implemented on November 1, 2016, which stipulates: "Online car-hailing platform companies… In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, according to the characteristics of working hours and service frequency, sign various forms of employment contracts or agreements with drivers to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties."

　　The regulation does not explicitly define the labor relationship between the two parties, but rather gives an open-ended option to "enter into various forms of employment contracts or agreements."

　　In this regard, Liu Xiaoming, Vice Minister of Transport, said at the press conference of the State Information Office last year that in the process of soliciting opinions on the "Interim Measures", the relevant content of the original exposure draft clearly requires the signing of employment contracts has been revised, and according to the special circumstances such as part-time in the online car-hailing, the current regulations have adopted more flexible employment methods.

　　"At present, there is no conclusive and consistent international opinion on online car-hailing," Mr. Liu said. "Even in the US, where online car-hailing originated, different states have implemented different management strategies, and their positioning, labor relations, price management and other aspects are still in the process of exploration."

　　The standards for judging labor relations should be further observed and no haste should be drawn

　　In fact, shortly after the "Interim Provisions" were issued, the Beijing Haidian Court heard the first online car-hailing traffic case in China. In this case, when a car-hailing car picked up a single passenger, it caused damages due to a traffic accident between the passenger opening the door and others. The Haidian Court held in the first instance that the driver of the online car-hailing car was assigned by the platform to perform the passenger contract between the platform and the passenger. The driver belongs to the party providing labor services, so the platform should bear the corresponding tort liability as the party accepting the driver’s labor services. Experts said that identifying the platform company as the carrier and the order assigned by the platform as the passenger contract between the platform company and the passenger actually implied that the court affirmed that there was a certain labor relationship between the online car-hailing driver and the platform company.

　　In traditional labour law theory, the determination of whether there is a labour relationship is mainly based on the theory of subordination, that is, whether it has organizational subordination, management subordination and economic subordination. Today, the basis for determining labour relations is mainly the "Notice on Matters Related to the Establishment of Labour Relations" issued in 2005. "But in the past two years, various new business models have emerged one after another, and relying solely on the" Notice "can no longer meet the practical needs." Professor Jiang Ying, dean of the law school of the China Institute of Labour Relations, said.

　　Jiang Ying analysis, the current network about the car is mainly divided into two categories: one is the B2C model, the platform company and the network about the car driver signed a formal employment contract, making it a regular employee of the company; the other is the C2C model, the network about the car driver has considerable autonomy, not fully affiliated with the company, so in defining its labor relations, the "Interim Provisions" adopted a cautious attitude.

　　Jiang Ying mentioned that in the US judicial and legal precedent, the judgment standard of labor relations mainly depends on the actual degree of control of the platform company for the driver. Through setting a number of standards for comprehensive judgment, if the degree of control is strong, it is determined that there is a labor relationship. "As for how to judge labor relations under the new sharing economy model, we should further observe and do not rush to conclusions," Jiang Ying said.

　　It is recommended that relevant departments introduce policies as soon as possible to provide stable expectations for relevant industries and enterprises

　　"However, the public needs to clarify a misunderstanding in understanding, that is, only the existence of labor relations can protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees." Jiang Ying said that it is not to protect the rights and interests of employees that they must be included in labor relations to protect them.

　　Jiang Ying said that first of all, the rights and interests of online car-hailing drivers can be protected through the relevant provisions of the employment relationship in the civil law. Second, the "Interim Regulations" allow online car-hailing drivers to sign various forms of employment contracts or agreements with platform companies, and workers can stipulate corresponding rights and obligations in the employment agreement. "Of course, the power of individuals is relatively weak, so on the one hand, government supervision and guidance are very important, and on the other hand, we must also rely on the power of market regulation." Jiang Ying believes that in order to retain a stable and excellent driver group in the market competition, enterprises need to offer more favorable conditions, which is the bargaining chip that the market may provide for negotiations.

　　"Enterprises excluded employment from the scope of labor law norms, and it did not start with the sharing economy." Wang Xiangqian, a lawyer at Shuangli Law Firm in Beijing and a director of the China Labor Law Research Association, believes that whether to incorporate this new form of employment into the field of labor law is a public policy choice that can only be made after weighing the pros and cons. Wang Xiangqian said that the main body of this game includes workers, enterprises, society and the state, and needs to balance the potentially conflicting values such as labor rights and interests, employment factors, economic vitality, social costs and so on, and make choices.

　　"It is recommended that the relevant departments investigate as soon as possible and come up with corresponding policies." Wang Xiangqian said that if this form of employment is already widespread in various industries and fields, it will hurt the bones if you want to regulate it. "By giving relevant industries and enterprises expectations as soon as possible, they can avoid the policy and legal risks in development, which is not only conducive to the development of enterprises, but also conducive to the protection of workers’ rights, and social responsibility can also be fully guaranteed." (Reporter, Zhang Cheng)

　　[car home Information] Before the opening of the 2023 Chengdu Auto Show, our colleagues photographed the relevant news of the (|) model ahead.The new car will be officially opened for pre-sale at this year’s Chengdu Auto Show.The car is expected to attract a lot of attention with its hard-core modeling, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, XWD fully automatic intelligent four-wheel drive and lifetime warranty. According to the suspected pre-sale price of Internet exposure, the car will launch three power versions, namely 1.5T, 2.0T and hybrid version, with pre-sale prices of about 150,000 yuan, 170,000-200,000 yuan and 200,000-250,000 yuan respectively.

　　　In terms of appearance, the new car adopts a tough body style design. Among them, the net is inlaid with the "JETOUR" brand logo and connected with the headlights. The distinctive headlight group style is impressive. The posture of the whole vehicle is vigorous, with sharp lines and full profile coexisting.

　　On the side of the car body, the window frame sees the corner, and the shape of the wheel eyebrows protrudes outward, showing the hard-core style, and it also adopts the design of suspended roof. The tail is a classic "small schoolbag" assembly, and the vertical taillights are wrapped in a black frame, showing off-road temperament. In terms of body size, according to the previously declared information, the length, width and height of the new car are 4785/2006/1880mm and the wheelbase is 2800mm respectively.

　　The interior of the new car adopts T-shaped flat layout, with sharp edges and corners, simple and powerful, exquisite interior materials and large-size suspended central control screen. Jietu travelers will have more outstanding performance in "travel+"ecological services, intelligent driving, healthy cockpit and so on. Judging from some previously released configurations, the new car adopts Kunpeng Power and XWD intelligent four-wheel drive system, and is equipped with Qualcomm 8155 chip platform. Can provide a better cockpit intelligent experience.

　　In terms of power, according to the application information, the new car adopts the sixth-generation four-wheel drive product of Borg Warner. The declared model is equipped with a 2.0T engine with a maximum power of 187 kW. In addition, the car will also provide a plug-in hybrid system consisting of a 1.5T engine and an electric motor, and the transmission system is matched with a 3-speed DHT gearbox. In addition, it also adopts XWD intelligent four-wheel drive system. (Compile/car home Duandi)