After the development of carburetor, single-point EFI, multi-point EFI and multi-point sequential EFI, many luxury car manufacturers have made progress in the field of direct injection.

　　The direct injection engine is different from the ordinary engine in the fuel injection mode. The fuel is injected into the cylinder directly instead of being mixed with air in the intake manifold. With the accurate calculation of the ECU control unit of the engine, this combustion mode can control the fuel injection amount according to the working conditions of the engine, and the performance, fuel consumption and emissions of the engine can be optimized accordingly.

　　The earliest direct injection system was invented by Bosch Company in 1950s, and was first applied to Mercedes-Benz SL300 in 1955. However, it was gradually forgotten because there was no mainstream development trend at that time. It was not until 1996 that the direct injection gasoline engine reappeared in the market. Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan introduced their GDI direct injection technology into Galant’s 4G93 engine and sold it in the Japanese market. Subsequently, Mitsubishi Carisma equipped with this technology also entered the European market, and today’s "direct injection fever" developed from this.

　　Facing the problems of energy and environment and the development of engines, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Cadillac have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to explore new technical fields. In the domestic market, Volkswagen and Audi’s FSI technology has become a star product in this category, but with the arrival of Cadillac’s new CTS, BMW X6xDrive50i and other models, Volkswagen FSI engines have ushered in more competitors. At present, the mainstream models with direct injection technology in the domestic market are only some high-end models, but we have reason to believe that with the development of technology, this technology beneficial to you, me, energy and the environment will be gradually popularized.

New CTS and its SIDI direct injection engine

　　Universal SIDI

　　SIDI all-aluminum dual-mode intelligent direct injection engine adopts universal third-generation direct injection technology. Among them, dual mode refers to homogeneous combustion and stratified combustion. SIDI engine can automatically adopt stratified lean combustion mode when the throttle is half open and automatically enter homogeneous combustion mode when the throttle is full. The automatic conversion of these two modes will directly improve the effective utilization rate of fuel. The method used by general SIDI to realize layering is also different from the eddy current method of Volkswagen, and the controllable oiling process is the key step to realize layering oiling.

　　Representative model: Cadillac CTS3.6L flagship high-performance version

　　Cadillac CTS3.6L flagship high-performance version is equipped with this 3.6LSIDI engine. Compared with the previous generation CTS3.6L engine, the maximum power and torque of this SIDI engine have increased by 15% and 8%, reaching 229kW and 374N·m respectively. Due to the introduction of direct injection technology, the fuel consumption of this engine is also reduced by 3% compared with the previous generation engine, and the hydrocarbon emission is also reduced by 25% during cold start.

　　Volkswagen FSI

Volkswagen FSI has a high reputation in China.

The nozzle of FSI is below the intake pipe, and the nozzle placement of each pair is different.

　　Volkswagen was one of the first manufacturers to introduce direct injection technology into China. Nowadays, FSI (Fuel Ratio Injection) has become a familiar word for consumers. FSI refers to stratified fuel injection, which is a direct injection technology for gasoline engines. At the beginning of FSI, this technology had stratified lean combustion, but it was later cancelled for various reasons, and only the direct injection technology was retained. Audi used vortex effect to realize stratified lean combustion before. Although this technology was cancelled, the remaining direct injection technology also performed well in terms of power and fuel economy. Compared with the traditional engine that directly injects fuel into the intake manifold, the FSI fuel direct injection engine can significantly improve the power, make the output torque and power higher, and reduce the fuel consumption rate by 15%.

　　Representative model: Audi A6L3.2FSI

Audi A6L 3.2 has not only quattro four-wheel drive technology, but also FSI.

　　At present, compared with the previous 3.0LV6 engine, the 3.2LFSIV6 engine equipped on the Audi A6 model has a maximum power of 26kW and a maximum torque of 30N·m and 330N·m, and the fuel efficiency has also been significantly improved. It is a highlight of FSI technology to combine engine power and fuel economy well.

　　Bmw HPI

From this picture, we can clearly see the direct injection technology structure of BMW.

　　Many people don’t know about BMW’s high-precision injection system, HighPrecisionInjection. In fact, it is an integral part of BMW’s EfficientDynamics system and an important part of BMW’s improvement in power and fuel economy. The precise piezoelectric nozzle located between the intake valve and the spark plug can provide a pressure of up to 200Bar to fully atomize gasoline and complete the process of injecting it into the combustion chamber in 0.14 milliseconds, so that the fuel economy pursued by engineers is completely guaranteed. BMW does not add stratified combustion technology to this system, but achieves the purpose of improving fuel consumption rate through fuel atomization.

　　Representative model: BMW X6xDrive50i

BMW X6 xDrive 35i has entered China, and X6 xDrive 50i will meet domestic consumers soon.

　　The X6xDrive50i, which is about to enter the domestic market, is equipped with this direct injection system, and its power performance is also very remarkable because of its dual turbocharging system. Its maximum power is 300kW, its maximum torque is 600N·m, and its comprehensive fuel consumption is 12.5L/100km (it is worth noting that this is the data of a 4.4LV8 twin-turbo engine).

　　Mercedes CGI

The highlight of Mercedes-Benz CGI lies in its high-pressure piezoelectric nozzle technology.

　　Compared with Volkswagen and BMW, Mercedes-Benz’s publicity in this respect is somewhat low-key, but this does not mean that this German company is inferior to its competitors in this respect. Mercedes-Benz has been committed to the research on vehicle power and fuel economy, and CGI (Hierarchical-Charged Line Injection) is their research achievement. In 2006, Mercedes-Benz launched the 350CGI engine, which was the first time to apply the piezoelectric nozzle to the direct injection technology of gasoline engines. Compared with the popular mode of using vortex to produce stratified effect, Mercedes-Benz solves this problem well by using high-pressure piezoelectric nozzle, and forms the required stratified combustion mode by using the spray generated by high pressure. It is also for this reason that this engine effectively reduces fuel consumption by as much as 10% compared with the previous engine.

　　Representative model: Mercedes-Benz CLS350CGI

At present, it seems that Mercedes-Benz CLS 350 CGI has little fate with domestic consumers.

　　The maximum power of ordinary Mercedes-Benz CLS350 is only 200kW, the maximum torque is 350N·m, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 10.1L. Mercedes-Benz CLS350CGI has reached the maximum power of 215kW and the maximum torque of 365N·m, and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 9.1L That is to say, after adding CGI technology, the maximum power, maximum torque and fuel consumption rate of the engine have improved by 7.5%, 4.3% and 10% respectively. Therefore, it can be seen that Mercedes-Benz is not inferior in this respect. After the successful appearance of CLS350CGI in 2006, Mercedes-Benz applied this engine to E-CLASS, S-CLASS and other models, but these models have not yet met with domestic consumers.

　　[Pacific Automobile] On September 28, the EZ-6 officially started pre-sale. The new car launched a total of 7 configuration models, with a pre-sale price range of 16-200,000 yuan. As the first model jointly developed with Changan EPA platform, the EZ-6 is based on the Changan EPA platform. It is positioned as a medium-sized car and provides extended range and pure electric options. The pure electric version has a maximum range of 600km, while the extended version has a comprehensive range of over 1300km. In addition, (|) will be officially launched on October 26, and it is expected to be delivered within 9-11 weeks after locking the order.

　　At the same time as the pre-sale of the new car, a wealth of reservation benefits is also launched, and the first 10,000 users can enjoy 3 repurchase benefits:

　　1. Order the Zhiya version model with a limited-time upgrade worth 15,000 yuan, including: 14 high-performance speakers, adaptive suspended electric tail, 50-inch high definition AR-HUD, Michelin e · Lingyue tires;

　　2. Order the Zhizun version model to upgrade the main and auxiliary zero-gravity seats worth 10,000 yuan for a limited time, with 120-degree cloud suspension adjustment and 8 massage modes;

　　3. Pre-sale plus gifts: unlimited traffic of the car and machine, and you can also get a 1:18 smart audio car model and a panoramic canopy.

pure electric version

Extended Range Edition

　　In terms of appearance, the Mazda EZ-6 continues the Mazda family’s Soul design concept. The iconic front grille shape is highly recognizable. Among them, the pure electric model uses a closed front grille, while the extended range model uses an open front grille. From the visual effect, the difference is not obvious. On both sides are slender and sharp headlight groups, which adopt a split structure, and the main light source is hidden under the daytime running lights. In addition, the light strip around the front grille, together with the light sources on both sides that look like feathers, together form an LED light group called Wings of Light, and the Mazda LOGO in the middle also has a luminous function, further highlighting the identity of the new energy vehicle.

　　On the side of the body, the new car adopts the coupe style, equipped with hidden door handles and borderless doors, and comes standard with 19-inch wheels, with a full and smooth waist line, simple and vivid curved surface, forming a new visual sensory enjoyment. However, due to the addition of batteries, the height of the Mazda EZ-6 body and the visual heaviness of the side of the car have increased.

　　The rear of the car adopts the current electric vehicle’s popular through-flow grille headlights, while the through-type taillights add four round gun downlights on both sides to fully reflect Mazda’s characteristics. The taillights complement the built-in deformable electric tail, presenting a simple and beautiful tail design.

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the Mazda EZ-6 are 4921/1890/1485mm and 2895mm respectively, which is equivalent to the Seal 07 DM-i as a whole. In terms of exterior color scheme, the Mazda EZ-6 offers a total of 8 paint options, including streamer gold, moon gray, crystal soul red, platinum steel gray, polar gray, crystal diamond blue, pearl white and polar night black.

　　In terms of interior design, the Mazda EZ-6 adopts a relatively simple design concept, which is quite different from other fuel-powered models in the family. It is equipped with a 14.6-inch suspended hollow screen, a 10.1-inch full LCD instrument, and a 50-inch AR-HUD head-up display. It is also equipped with a double-spoke flat-bottomed and white gear shift, providing a strong overall technological atmosphere.

　　In addition, the interior of the new car is also wrapped in a lot of leather, and even the high-end models are equipped with NAPPA leather and suede high-end fabrics, with exquisite matte chrome-plated trims, which enhances the sense of luxury in the car. In terms of configuration, the car is equipped with a 14-speaker Sony sound system, 50W mobile phone wireless charging, 64-color ambient lights, front zero-gravity seats, heating, and the cabin also supports 13 scene mode switching, panoramic canopy, and trend.

　　In terms of smart cockpit, Mazda EZ-6 is equipped with the third-generation Snapdragon digital cockpit (8155 chip), which integrates the control of air conditioning, seats, entertainment and other functions, supports application store, analog sound wave, 3D holographic face non-sensory recognition login, four-region automatic speech recognition control, full scene visibility can be said, mobile APP remote control and CarPlay/HUAWEI HiCar mobile phone interconnection and other functions.

　　In terms of smart driving, Mazda EZ-6 is equipped with L2.5 smart parking assistance system, equipped with 5 megapixel high definition cameras, 5 millimeter wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars and other smart driving hardware, providing such as automatic following, lane centering, smart offset, lever lane change, intelligent speed limit and other driving assistance. At the same time, it has APA in-car parking assistance, RPA remote control parking assistance, RSIO remote control entry and exit assistance, RMA remote intelligent parking, RADS tracking and reversing assistance 5 major functions, which can identify more than 150 different types of parking spaces (support vertical, horizontal, oblique, no parking line parking spaces).

　　In terms of power, Mazda EZ-6 is based on the Changan EPA platform, providing range extension and pure electric options. Among them, the extended version is equipped with a 1.5-liter four-cylinder range extender, 70 kW, driving 160 kW, and the feed fuel consumption is as low as 5.3/100 km. In terms of battery life, the battery pack with a capacity of 18.99 kWh and 28.4 kWh corresponds to the CLTC pure electric cruising range of 130 kilometers and 200 kilometers, and the comprehensive cruising range is 1300 kilometers.

　　The pure electric version of the model adopts a single-motor rear-drive layout, with a maximum drive motor of 190 kW and a peak torque of 320 Nm, both of which are 170km/h. In terms of battery life, battery packs with a capacity of 56.1 kWh and 68.8 kWh are available, and the corresponding CLTC pure electric cruising range is 480 kilometers and 600 kilometers respectively. In addition, the new car’s Weiji battery has 3C ultra-fast charging cells and CTP integration technology, which can complete 30% to 80% power replenishment in 15 minutes.

　　In terms of chassis, the Mazda EZ-6 adopts the form of a front-rear H-arm multi-link independent suspension, and adopts a 50:50 front and rear axle balanced counterweight structure, which can better control the vehicle’s dynamics and attitude, and provide clearer and more accurate road feeling feedback. At the same time, by increasing the steering force and damping in the central area, the driver’s sense of precise control of the vehicle is improved

BYD SEAL 07 DM-i official price range is: 13.98-19 5,800 yuan

FAW Toyota bZ3 official price range: 16.98-19 9,800 yuan

　　From the current market situation, Mazda EZ-6 Extended Range Edition models will compete with BYD Seal 07 DM-i, Lynk & Co 07 EM-P, and Toyota models in the future; while its pure electric models will face Toyota bZ3, 7 VIZZION, Geely Galaxy E8 and other models, currently in a relatively competitive market segment.

　　In comparison, Mazda, as an internationally renowned automobile brand, has a good brand appeal and a broad mass base. Coupled with its unique design and profound experience in control and adjustment, it has certain advantages in the face of Chinese brand models of the same level. And built on the Changan EPA platform, it provides a combination of extended range and pure electric dual power, which further broadens the market audience of Mazda EZ-6, and has been greatly improved in terms of intelligence, which makes it have a certain differentiation advantage in the face of mainstream joint venture brand models.

　　With the arrival of Mazda EZ-6, it will fill the market gap of Changan Mazda in the field of new energy, and further enhance its competitiveness in the medium-sized car market. It is expected to become one of Changan Mazda’s important pillar products in the field of new energy, and lay a good foundation for the subsequent launch of more new energy models to further promote its development in the field of new energy. Of course, how is the specific performance, we also look forward to its official price. (Text: Pacific Automobile, Wu Qixing)

　　On December 25, 2012, the 14th generation model was released in Japan. In addition to the appearance and interior design changes, the new car is also equipped with a new system, and a new power combination of 3.5L + 8AT is added. In addition, the car’s configuration has also been upgraded.

"The 14th generation Crown Royal series, the design style is more business-oriented"

"The 14th generation crown ATHLETE sports series, the design style pays more attention to youth"

　　Compared with the 13th generation, the shape design of the 14th generation crown has a relatively large change, which adopts a new big mouth front face design, the shape of the lamp group is more flat and sharp, and the lamp cavity is added. In addition, the C-pillar part of the car has more radical lines, and the side bottom lines also have a certain sense of hierarchy.

The 14th Royal Crown Series

　　It is worth mentioning that the 14th generation Crown offers consumers two series options, each with a different design style. The Royal series is more business-oriented, while the ATHLETE sports series highlights its youthful and dynamic design through details such as V-mesh metal grilles and sports multi-spoke wheels.

The 14th CROWN ATHLETE SPORTS SERIES

　　In terms of body size, the length/width/height of the 14th generation crown is 4895/1800/1450mm respectively, which is 2850mm, which is 75mm shorter than the wheelbase of the domestic 13th generation crown (the original model is the Majesta long wheelbase version). In addition, the 14th generation crown also offers 6 body colors, namely pearl white, metallic silver, noble silver, black, pearl black and red mica metallic color.

"14th generation Crown Royal series interior drawing"

"14th generation crown ATHLETE series interior drawing"

"14th generation crown ATHLETE series interior drawing, center console and seats use red color scheme theme"

　　In terms of interior, the center console part of the 14th generation crown adopts a multi-touch dual-screen design for the first time. At the same time, the streamline of the control panel tightened to both sides leaves behind the slightly rigid design of the 13th generation, and the style of the instrument panel, steering wheel and stop lever has also changed. In addition, in terms of configuration, the 14th generation crown is also equipped with an adaptive high beam system, a headlight intelligent curve auxiliary lighting system, monitoring, and an improved pre-collision system.

"Left: 14th generation Crown ATHLETE sports series, right: 14th generation Crown Royal series"

　　In terms of passive safety, the cockpit of the 14th generation crown is made of high-strength steel. The car is also equipped with front double, driver’s seat, and through side air curtains, and active safety headrests are also present on the car. The hybrid model is also equipped with pedestrian safety protection devices. In the event of a collision between the vehicle and a pedestrian, the rear cover can be quickly lifted upward to ease the impact of the pedestrian’s head.

　　In terms of power, the 14th generation Crown is equipped with a 2.5-liter V6 and a 3.5-liter V6, of which the 3.5-liter V6 can output a maximum of 315 horsepower (232 kW), with a peak value of 377N · m. The 3.5L engine is matched with an 8-speed automatic transmission, and the 2.5L engine continues to match the same 6-speed automatic transmission as the 13th generation.

"Hybrid power for the 14th generation of Crown equipment"

　　In addition to the traditional gasoline engine, the 14th-generation Crown also offers a hybrid version to choose from. This latest Hybrid system developed by Toyota consists of a 2.5-liter four-cylinder direct-injection gasoline engine and a high-power electric motor, with a maximum output of 220 horsepower (162 kW) and a fuel consumption of 23.2 km/L, approximately 4.3 L/100 km.

　　At present, Toyota’s 14th generation crown has been pre-ordered in Japan, and launched two series options (different design styles), Royal series is 3.53 million – 5.36 million yen (about RMB 259,700 – 394,400), ATHLETE sports series is 3.57 million – 5.75 million yen (262,700 – 423,100). (Text/Autohome Xingmin)

● Read more:

　　On December 25th, Toyota’s new generation of Crown real car was revealed
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　　Chen Yuchao, Ecological Committee of the OpenHarmony Project Group, introduced the OpenHarmony project and its ecological progress. At present, more than 210 partners have joined the OpenHarmony ecological co-construction, and a total of more than 210 commercial devices and 39 software distributions have been implemented, covering finance, education, transportation and other industries. With the advancement of industry standards and specifications, OpenHarmony has become the first choice in all walks of life. At the same time, Shenzhen, Beijing, Fuzhou, Huizhou, Chongqing and other cities have taken the lead in introducing relevant industrial policies to support the development of OpenHarmony, promoting ecological construction from the supply side and the demand side. Industrial development is inseparable from the training of talents. Ecological partners actively participate in the co-construction of talents in colleges and universities, and build a closed-loop ecological chain of talent training through teacher training, curriculum construction, vocational certification and other means. As of now, it has covered more than 200 colleges and universities.

On August 24, Meituan (stock code: 3690.HK) released the second quarter and half-year results of 2023. The company’s revenue in the first half of the year was 126.582 billion yuan, an increase of 30.2% year-on-year; the adjusted profit was 13.151 billion yuan, and the adjusted net loss was 1.528 billion yuan in the same period last year. Meituan benefited from the recovery of consumption in the first half of the year, and the growth of various businesses was stable.

Among them, Meituan achieved revenue of 68 billion yuan in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 33.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate exceeded Quarter 1. Among them, the core local business in the second quarter increased by 39.2% year-on-year, also exceeding Quarter 1. However, restricted by cold chain and logistics expenses, Meituan’s new business revenue in the second quarter increased by 18.4% year-on-year, lower than the growth rate of the business in the first quarter.

"Thanks to the arrival of the traditional peak consumption season, the company’s various businesses achieved healthy growth in this quarter," said Wang Xing, CEO of Meituan. "With the local lifestyle market showing a good trend of steady recovery, we will continue to focus on the’retail + technology ‘strategy to meet the increasingly diverse consumer needs of users, and use technology to promote the efficiency of local commodity retail and service retail."

The recovery of core local businesses accelerated in the second quarter, growing faster than in the first quarter

In 2022, Meituan adjusted and updated the statistical caliber, and adjusted the original catering takeaway, to stores, hotels and tourism, new business and other sectors to core local business and new business.

After the adjustment, the core local business segments mainly include the original catering takeaway and delivery, hotel and tourism segments, as well as Meituan flash sale, homestay and transportation ticketing.

Meituan continued to focus on meeting local consumer demand. Driven by this, Meituan’s core local business achieved steady growth in the first half of the year, with revenue of 94.085 billion yuan, an increase of 32.6% year-on-year.

Among them, Meituan’s core local business revenue reached 51.20 billion yuan in the second quarter, an increase of 39.2% year-on-year. Operating profit increased by 34.8% year-on-year to 11.10 billion yuan, and operating profit margin was 21.8%.

Meituan Quarter 1’s core local business revenue reached 42.90 billion yuan, an increase of 25.5% year-on-year. Operating profit was 9.40 billion yuan, an increase of 100.7% year-on-year; while operating profit margin increased to 22.0% from 13.8% in the same period in 2022. Second quarter revenue growth was significantly faster than Quarter 1.

Meituan’s instant retail scene and richness continue to expand. In the second quarter, the number of instant delivery orders increased by 31.6% year-on-year to 5.40 billion orders. By strengthening supply and optimizing subsidy strategies, the stickiness between users and platforms has further increased. In this context, Meituan’s monthly takeaway orders reached a record high in August.

Stimulated by numerous holiday consumption and marketing activities in the second quarter, the online penetration rate of electronic products and home appliances in second- and third-tier cities accelerated significantly, and categories such as daily necessities, beauty and personal care, and maternal and infant products all showed strong quarterly growth.

Meituan’s "Little Yellow Light Health Guardian Alliance" plans to launch digital pharmacies that can see a doctor 24 hours a day to buy medicine in 1,000 counties this year, and is expected to meet the needs of county residents 100 million times this year.

The peak order volume of Meituan flash sale exceeded 11 million orders again in the second quarter, and the demand side in turn promoted the richness of the supply side on the platform. The number of active merchants in Meituan flash sale increased by 30% year-on-year.

Meituan helps serve the digital transformation of the retail industry. The number of new merchants entering Meituan takeaway in the quarter more than doubled year-on-year, of which the growth rate of brand merchants was particularly strong; the transaction volume of the wine and hotel business increased by more than 120% compared with the same period last year, and the number of annual active merchants and annual transaction users also reached a new high.

Meituan’s hotel and tourism business saw strong growth in the second quarter as the domestic tourism industry continued to pick up. "Hotel + X" package products were enriched for leisure travel and vacation scenarios. Deepen cooperation with more hotel brands to improve pricing power. Increase the supply of overseas hotels and expand the outbound travel customer base. In terms of homestays, enhance the experience of consumers and landlords, and better match demand and supply.

New Business Second Quarter Revenue Growth Slower Than Quarter 1

The new businesses mainly include Meituan Preferred, Meituan market, catering supply chain (fast donkey), online car-hailing, shared bicycles, shared motorcycles, power banks, restaurant management systems and other new businesses.

Meituan’s new business revenue in the first half of the year was 32.497 billion yuan, an increase of 23.8% year-on-year. The operating loss was 10.222 billion yuan, and the operating loss in the same period last year was 15.243 billion yuan.

Among them, the second quarter revenue of new business 16.80 billion yuan, an increase of 18.4%. Operating loss narrowed 23.5% year-on-year to 5.20 billion yuan, and the operating loss rate improved to 31.0%.

New business Quarter 1 revenue rose 30.1% year-on-year to 15.70 billion yuan. Operating loss narrowed 40.5% year-on-year to 5 billion yuan, while operating loss ratio continued to improve to 32.0%. From this point of view, the second quarter recovery of new business is not as good as Quarter 1.

In the second quarter, Meituan Preferred transaction volume and revenue continued to grow year-on-year, but the growth rate declined due to the lower-than-expected growth rate of the overall market. Operational efficiency improved significantly compared to the same period last year. Meituan Preferred revenue, recognized on a net basis, declined quarter-on-quarter, mainly due to higher subsidies, which led to lower average price of pieces.

Meituan’s quarterly operating loss widened quarter-on-quarter, mainly due to business expansion, increased subsidies to drive growth, spending on cold chain and logistics to cope with the upcoming hot weather, and seasonal product portfolio changes.

Meituan said that although it faces difficulties in optimizing its business model in the short term, it believes that the online process of groceries will continue, and remains confident in the long-term potential of Meituan Preferred. As of the end of June, Meituan Preferred has reached 470 million cumulative trading users.

Despite a high base in the same period last year, Meituan market recorded a solid year-on-year growth in the second quarter and achieved a higher market share. The proportion of transactions of standard products and private brands continued to increase, effectively increasing the frequency of users.

In June, Wang Huiwen resigned as a non-executive director of Meituan due to personal health reasons. Subsequently, Meituan announced the completion of the acquisition of 100% of the shares of domestic and foreign entities outside the light year, and the purchase price was about 2.065 billion.

In July, Meituan drone fourth-generation new models were released. Meituan drone has been operating in multiple cities such as Shenzhen and Shanghai, and has delivered nearly 170,000 orders in two years. The financial report shows that Meituan’s R & D expenditure in the second quarter increased to 5.40 billion yuan year-on-year.

Meituan’s sales and marketing expenses increased from 9 billion yuan in the second quarter of 2022 to 14.60 billion yuan in the same period in 2023. This was mainly due to the recovery in consumption and changes in the business environment, resulting in higher transaction user incentive, promotion and advertising expenses, and higher employee benefits expenses.

The company’s general and administrative expenses decreased from $2.50 billion in the second quarter of 2022 to $2.10 billion in the same period in 2023, mainly due to lower employee benefit expenses and improved operating leverage.

Meituan CFO Chen Shaohui said that in the first half of this year, the local life sector benefited from the vigorous growth momentum of commodity retail and service retail, meeting more new demand and creating more new supply. In the future, Meituan will further promote the digital upgrade of the commodity retail and service retail industry.

Chen Weicheng, Shell Financial Reporter, Beijing News

Editor, Chao Xu

Proofreading, Liu Baoqing

　　Zhang Laifu, an order-taking champion of an online car-hailing platform, wipes the vehicle between waiting for customers. Xinhua News Agency reporter, photo by Luo Xiaoguang

　　Recently, the news that drivers of a certain online ride-hailing platform cannot withdraw cash has been hyped up, and the discussion on who will protect the labor rights and interests of online ride-hailing drivers has also become heated.

　　The sharing economy is surging, and the "threshold" for providing labor services has been lowered to the extent that everyone can participate. How to protect the rights and interests of workers under this "flexible employment" has reached a level that cannot be ignored.

　　What is the relationship between Internet platforms and workers? There is still much debate

　　Mr. Yu, a Beijing-based taxi driver, has been taking orders through a well-known online ride-hailing platform for the past two years. Talking about why he wanted to work as a taxi driver, Mr. Yu said that he was in his 40s and could not find a good job in his hometown in Hebei. He felt that the income from driving a car was not bad, so he went to Beijing to work. "The situation like mine is very common among the car drivers I know."

　　Master Yu told reporters that when he first arrived, he was employed by a certain online car-hailing platform. After signing an employment contract, his monthly salary was about five or six thousand yuan, and the company paid five insurances and one housing fund for him.

　　"But after all, it’s still someone else’s car," so Master Yu gritted his teeth and took out a loan to buy a private car worth more than 200,000 yuan. Master Yu said that now as a full-time car driver, "after deducting various operating costs, the monthly net income is about 7,000 to 8,000 yuan."

　　But Master Yu also has troubles. After the labor relationship with the last online car-hailing company was terminated, the new platform was not responsible for paying five insurances and one gold for it, and Master Yu was not willing to spend the money himself. "Now I don’t pay social security anymore."

　　Drivers like Mr. Yu are facing problems with their way out when Beijing’s online car-hailing platform begins to implement the "Beijing Citizenship and Beijing License" policy on May 1. Since there is no labor relationship with the online car-hailing platform, he has not yet figured out what to do next. "The platform has to take about 20% of the fee for each order." Mr. Yu said that discounts and subsidies for drivers have also been cut a lot in the past two years. "It is unreasonable that the platform is only responsible for taking a percentage, but it does not have any obligations to the special car."

　　Online car-hailing has worn the halo of "sharing economy" since its inception. However, for such a brand-new thing as "sharing economy", the current laws and regulations have not clearly stipulated the relationship between Internet platforms and workers, and there is still a lot of debate among academics and the public.

　　At present, the most important basis for the management of online car-hailing is the "Interim Measures for the Management of Online Booking Taxi Business Services" (hereinafter referred to as the "Interim Measures") implemented on November 1, 2016, which stipulates: "Online car-hailing platform companies… In accordance with relevant laws and regulations, according to the characteristics of working hours and service frequency, sign various forms of employment contracts or agreements with drivers to clarify the rights and obligations of both parties."

　　The regulation does not explicitly define the labor relationship between the two parties, but rather gives an open-ended option to "enter into various forms of employment contracts or agreements."

　　In this regard, Liu Xiaoming, Vice Minister of Transport, said at the press conference of the State Information Office last year that in the process of soliciting opinions on the "Interim Measures", the relevant content of the original exposure draft clearly requires the signing of employment contracts has been revised, and according to the special circumstances such as part-time in the online car-hailing, the current regulations have adopted more flexible employment methods.

　　"At present, there is no conclusive and consistent international opinion on online car-hailing," Mr. Liu said. "Even in the US, where online car-hailing originated, different states have implemented different management strategies, and their positioning, labor relations, price management and other aspects are still in the process of exploration."

　　The standards for judging labor relations should be further observed and no haste should be drawn

　　In fact, shortly after the "Interim Provisions" were issued, the Beijing Haidian Court heard the first online car-hailing traffic case in China. In this case, when a car-hailing car picked up a single passenger, it caused damages due to a traffic accident between the passenger opening the door and others. The Haidian Court held in the first instance that the driver of the online car-hailing car was assigned by the platform to perform the passenger contract between the platform and the passenger. The driver belongs to the party providing labor services, so the platform should bear the corresponding tort liability as the party accepting the driver’s labor services. Experts said that identifying the platform company as the carrier and the order assigned by the platform as the passenger contract between the platform company and the passenger actually implied that the court affirmed that there was a certain labor relationship between the online car-hailing driver and the platform company.

　　In traditional labour law theory, the determination of whether there is a labour relationship is mainly based on the theory of subordination, that is, whether it has organizational subordination, management subordination and economic subordination. Today, the basis for determining labour relations is mainly the "Notice on Matters Related to the Establishment of Labour Relations" issued in 2005. "But in the past two years, various new business models have emerged one after another, and relying solely on the" Notice "can no longer meet the practical needs." Professor Jiang Ying, dean of the law school of the China Institute of Labour Relations, said.

　　Jiang Ying analysis, the current network about the car is mainly divided into two categories: one is the B2C model, the platform company and the network about the car driver signed a formal employment contract, making it a regular employee of the company; the other is the C2C model, the network about the car driver has considerable autonomy, not fully affiliated with the company, so in defining its labor relations, the "Interim Provisions" adopted a cautious attitude.

　　Jiang Ying mentioned that in the US judicial and legal precedent, the judgment standard of labor relations mainly depends on the actual degree of control of the platform company for the driver. Through setting a number of standards for comprehensive judgment, if the degree of control is strong, it is determined that there is a labor relationship. "As for how to judge labor relations under the new sharing economy model, we should further observe and do not rush to conclusions," Jiang Ying said.

　　It is recommended that relevant departments introduce policies as soon as possible to provide stable expectations for relevant industries and enterprises

　　"However, the public needs to clarify a misunderstanding in understanding, that is, only the existence of labor relations can protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees." Jiang Ying said that it is not to protect the rights and interests of employees that they must be included in labor relations to protect them.

　　Jiang Ying said that first of all, the rights and interests of online car-hailing drivers can be protected through the relevant provisions of the employment relationship in the civil law. Second, the "Interim Regulations" allow online car-hailing drivers to sign various forms of employment contracts or agreements with platform companies, and workers can stipulate corresponding rights and obligations in the employment agreement. "Of course, the power of individuals is relatively weak, so on the one hand, government supervision and guidance are very important, and on the other hand, we must also rely on the power of market regulation." Jiang Ying believes that in order to retain a stable and excellent driver group in the market competition, enterprises need to offer more favorable conditions, which is the bargaining chip that the market may provide for negotiations.

　　"Enterprises excluded employment from the scope of labor law norms, and it did not start with the sharing economy." Wang Xiangqian, a lawyer at Shuangli Law Firm in Beijing and a director of the China Labor Law Research Association, believes that whether to incorporate this new form of employment into the field of labor law is a public policy choice that can only be made after weighing the pros and cons. Wang Xiangqian said that the main body of this game includes workers, enterprises, society and the state, and needs to balance the potentially conflicting values such as labor rights and interests, employment factors, economic vitality, social costs and so on, and make choices.

　　"It is recommended that the relevant departments investigate as soon as possible and come up with corresponding policies." Wang Xiangqian said that if this form of employment is already widespread in various industries and fields, it will hurt the bones if you want to regulate it. "By giving relevant industries and enterprises expectations as soon as possible, they can avoid the policy and legal risks in development, which is not only conducive to the development of enterprises, but also conducive to the protection of workers’ rights, and social responsibility can also be fully guaranteed." (Reporter, Zhang Cheng)

　　The Ministry of Public Security recently released statistics,In the first three quarters of this year, 3.713 million new energy vehicles were registered nationwide, up 98.48% year-on-year.

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　　According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of September, the number of new energy vehicles had reached 11.49 million, with 3.713 million newly registered in the first three quarters. Among them, the number of pure electric vehicles is 9.26 million, accounting for 80.56% of the total number of new energy vehicles. In the first three quarters of this year, 3.713 million new energy vehicles were registered nationwide, an increase of 1.842 million vehicles year-on-year, an increase of 98.48%, accounting for 21.34% of the newly registered vehicles. In the third quarter of this year, the number of newly registered new energy vehicles reached 1.495 million, with an average monthly registration of 498,000, which was significantly higher than the average monthly registration of 370,000 in the first half of this year.

　　In the first three quarters, the used car market remained active, and the number of motor vehicle transfer registrations reached 16.4 million. In the first three quarters of this year, local public security traffic control departments handled a total of 16.4 million motor vehicle transfer registrations, including 15.35 million motor vehicle transfer registrations, accounting for 93.55%. In the first three quarters of this year, the ratio of car transfer registration to new car registration reached 1:1.13, which was significantly higher than 1:1.24 in the same period last year.

　　In recent years, the Ministry of Public Security, together with the Ministry of Commerce and other departments, has promoted the implementation of reform measures to facilitate the registration of second-hand car transactions in different places, which has better promoted the circulation of second-hand cars. In the first three quarters of this year, the number of second-hand passenger cars directly registered in different places reached 2.575 million.