爱上海龙凤419论坛-上海后花园论坛-夜上海最新论坛-上海品茶工作室

Author: Night 1986

The rankings are in no order. After all, everyone has their own list. 1. The Book of Gone with the Times, written by Ji Cha, was originally written by Ji Cha when she returned to the harem. With the help of a blind fortune teller, the protagonist travels through troubled times and makes his own world. This book has been updated with 2.34 million words, and it is not finished yet.

Second, "If you cultivate immortality in the troubled times of Yaowu", the author Wen Chaogong, opened the book in 2023, and ended that year, with 3.54 million words in ten months. The protagonist can cross two worlds and be Nuo Nuo in the world of cultivating immortals. He can strike hard in the world of low martial arts and rely on the resources of the world of low martial arts to cultivate immortals in the world of cultivating immortals.

Third, "Dining Table of the Tang Dynasty", written by Yi and 2, is the theme of returning to the Tang Dynasty after Yi and 2 wrote "Brick of the Tang Dynasty". Compared with brick of the Tang Dynasty, the dining table of the Tang Dynasty has more sense of honor for the nation and the country. Everyone in the world, what’s going on in the world, is just a series of dishes on the table of Datang people. 3.86 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Fourth, "The Traveler of the Spiritual Realm", the author bought Xiao Langjun, a supernatural urban sci-fi power stream, and sold the newspaper Xiao Lang, according to another masterpiece after "Da Feng Da Geng Ren", which won the first place in many lists on the first day of its release. The story is fascinating and I can’t stop. 4.1 million words have been updated, not finished.

5. "Deep Sea embers", the author Yuan Tong, the protagonist crossed a strange world and unexpectedly became ghost captain, constantly exploring the world. At the beginning, the readers were full of curiosity, and his ship was named Lost Hometown, which made us smile. 2.32 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Six, "This game is too real", the author Morningstar LL, this is a behind-the-scenes black hand flow, the protagonist crossed the wasteland world and obtained a refuge system that can summon the fourth natural disaster player, so he became the manager of the game and fooled a number of players to work for themselves and successfully embarked on the peak of life. Let other players give him a super double 007 job. 6.63 million words have been updated, which is not finished.

Seven, "National Forensic Medicine", the author Zhiniao Village, this book is a stream of urban systems. The protagonist can improve the skills of forensic doctors by acquiring forensic systems and assisting in solving crimes. This book combines professionalism and interest, and the case description is true, which makes us feel immersive when reading. This book has been updated to 2.42 million words, and it is not finished.

Eight, "Red Heart Survey", the author’s feelings, this book has just come out and no one cares, feeling that it is going to save the street. Now it is in the top 5 of the monthly list. It is a novel that is a late bloomer and is also a Xianxia type. The physical book of this book has been sold on the whole network, with 7.64 million words updated and not finished.

Nine, "Beyond Time", the author Ergen, this is the sixth novel of Ergen, and it is still a consistent Xianxia. It incorporates the elements of eschatology and gangsters. The protagonist is decisive and intelligent, and is known as the protagonist who is most like Wang Lin in Ergen’s works. After experiencing a short trough, my ears returned to the top stream with this book. This book has been updated to 3.25 million words, and it is not finished.

Ten, "The Ring of Destiny", the author loves diving squid, the sequel to "The Mysterious World", has dominated many lists since its debut, and has won the title of golden keyboard in 2023, but there are many controversies, such as wanting to see the first story of the mysterious Lord, but it is not. Slow pace, etc. 4.1 million words have been updated, not finished.

I really admire the authors of these online novels. Their brains are open and they have all kinds of topics. Some of them are very real, but I didn’t expect it to be my own experience.

This article comes from what is worth buying website (www.smzdm.com).

Hello, Spring.

Spring is the preface, and everything is harmonious.

Copper beam in spring

Looking up is full of stars and flowers

Plum blossom, cherry blossom, begonia,

Acacia, rape flower … …

exactly

The fafa of the copper beam is all open

Let’s go out and embrace spring together ~

Beautiful plum blossoms in spring.

As soon as spring comes, the romantic flower viewing season will come! In a plum blossom base in Xilai Village, Nancheng Street, Tongliang, thousands of plum blossoms are in full bloom, and the pink and tender flowers are swaying in the wind. From a height, it looks like a pink ocean, warm and romantic.

Under the irradiation of the warm sun in spring, the petals are particularly gorgeous. The spring breeze blows, the flowers sway with the wind, and the petals fall with the wind, which is beautiful. The blooming plum blossoms also attract many tourists to punch in and enjoy the flowers and feel the pink romance that belongs to spring alone.

Walking through the forest, you can see the pink flowers connected into a whole piece when you look up. Everyone who comes to enjoy the flowers is looking forward to meeting the beautiful spring scenery hidden in each flower.

According to reports, the natural flowering period of Meirenmei has been open from top to bottom since the first flower in March. Due to different regions and climates, the flowering period can last from late March to mid-April.

Cherry blossoms are full of spring.

At present, with the temperature rising, 6,000 mu of cherry flowers in Shuangshan Town, Tongliang District are in full bloom, attracting tourists.

Looking around, patches of cherry flowers stretch from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, clusters and clusters, densely covered with branches, like white snow, beautiful.

Visitors who come to enjoy the flowers stroll along the path among the flowers, breathe the fragrant fragrance and enjoy the beautiful scenery in spring.

It is understood that Shuangshan Town in Tongliang District is known as the hometown of cherries, and it is a well-known "hometown of small fruits". Among them, Jianxin Village is the core area of cherry planting, with more than 10 varieties such as white cherry, cinnabar cherry, Chinese red cherry and black pearl cherry, and the flower viewing period will last until the middle and late March.

Begonia blossoms at the right time.

In Xue ‘an Park in Tongliang City, begonia flowers are blooming in the warm spring sun, and hardworking bees are dancing on the petals, adding infinite interest to the brilliant spring.

In the park, some citizens who come to enjoy the flowers use mobile phones and some use professional cameras to record the intimate "encounter" with the flowers.

Acacia limited in spring

"The Little Yellow Flower of the Story" has been blooming brilliantly in Yuanxiang Avenue recently, and clusters of bright and cheerful acacia flowers have made spring bright and cheerful.

Clouds of small flower balls are fluffy and golden, like a warm little sun, wrapped in green leaves, pouring down the enthusiasm of spring.

Beautiful agreement of rape flower

Little friends, you can see the "Rape Flower Sea" without going out of the city! Beside the Huaiyuanhe Community Sports and Cultural Park in Tongliang, a piece of rape blossoms are dazzling, like golden waves, and the waves roll together with the spring breeze, which makes people intoxicated.

Bees are busy collecting honey among the flowers, which adds a bit of movement and vitality to this spring picture.

Never brushed the flowers in March with my own hands

How dare you say that you have appreciated the beauty of spring?

Little friends

Invite three or five friends

Have a romantic date with spring!

Original title: There are many kinds of flowers, and the recent copper beams contain a very high amount of "spring"!

Editor: Wang Guangjian Editor: Zheng Yalan Audit: Song Yan

Pineapple is a very common fruit food in life, which contains nutrients that can bring many benefits to health, and also has the function of losing weight. So what are the ways to lose weight? How delicious is it to use pineapple to lose weight? Using pineapple to lose weight also needs to master the method. Let’s learn more about how pineapple is delicious and can lose weight.

1. The slimming effect of pineapple.

Pineapple is sweet, slightly sour and flat in nature, and has the effects of promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, moistening intestines, relaxing bowels, promoting diuresis, reducing swelling, removing fat and losing weight. Studies have proved that pineapple has a good weight loss effect. Because pineapple contains pineapple enzyme, it can decompose protein and effectively hydrolyze fat, especially it can help protein digestion of meat, reducing the body’s absorption of fat. Pineapple is rich in cellulose, which can also effectively relieve constipation and is good for losing weight. Although pineapple has a good weight loss effect, its enzymes are easy to damage the oral cavity membrane. Pay special attention when eating pineapple. It is best to soak it in salt water before eating it. Besides, don’t eat too much at a time.

2, pineapple diet

1. Braised bitter gourd with pineapple

Ingredients: 1 bitter gourd, half pineapple, half carrot, 1 tsp sugar, a little salt.

Practice: Wash bitter gourd and slice it, cut pineapple meat into small pieces, and cut carrots into pieces; When the pot is hot, add a little oil, add bitter gourd slices and carrot slices and stir fry; Pour a spoonful of sugar and stir well; Pour a little water into the pot and stew for 1 minute; Pour in small pieces of pineapple and stir well; Cook for about half a minute and add a little salt.

2. pineapple rice

Ingredients: glutinous rice or rice, fresh pineapple, rock sugar, almond and raisin.

Practice: Soak the glutinous rice with clear water one day in advance, and pay attention to changing the water during this period to keep the glutinous rice fresh and clean; Cut off the top of fresh pineapple, carefully remove the pulp and juice inside with a spoon, and be careful not to dig it; Drain the glutinous rice, add appropriate amount of pulp and fruit juice, mix well, add 3-4 crystal sugar and appropriate amount of raisins, and add them to the previously dug pineapple; Put the pineapple in a steamer, put it in cold water, heat it in water, turn it to medium heat after the steamer is aerated, and steam it for about 30 minutes until the glutinous rice is completely cooked. Mix it up and down before eating, and sprinkle a proper amount of chopped almonds according to your own preferences to improve the taste.

3. pineapple hawthorn crystal jelly

Ingredients: 8 grams of hawthorn, pineapple, agar, 500 ml of cold water, and appropriate amount of sugar.

Practice: Dice pineapple, remove the core of hawthorn, and then soak in water to prevent oxidation; Boil 3.8 grams of agar in about 500 ml of cold water, add appropriate amount of sugar and keep stirring; Divide agar water into two halves, add diced pineapple into one half, heat it, and then pour it into a mold for cooling. After the hawthorn agar solution is mixed, it is neatly arranged in a container and poured into the solution. After the temperature of the soup drops, put it in the refrigerator to cool, and then pour it with sweet osmanthus.

4. pineapple apple juice

Ingredients: half a pineapple and five big apples, which is the amount of squeezing one liter of juice.

Practice: peel and slice the pineapple, soak it in salt water for 15 minutes and then rinse it off; Squeeze pineapple into juice with a juicer. Pour out the pineapple juice and clean the juicer, then juice the apples. Finally, mix apple juice and pineapple juice.

5. pineapple strawberry fruit tea

Ingredients: half a pineapple, several strawberries and a small bag of black tea.

Practice: peeled pineapple and diced, washed strawberry and cut in half; Put the diced pineapple and strawberry in the teapot; Add black tea bag, soak in boiling water for 10 minutes and enjoy. If the tea is not too hot, add some honey to taste better.

6.pineapple juice

Ingredients: 200ml pineapple juice, 100-150g strawberries, a fresh orange, half a lemon, one teaspoon of honey and four tablespoons of vanilla ice cream.

Practice: Take the container for ice treatment, pour pineapple juice into the frozen layer, and cool for 45 minutes. During the waiting time, peel the pineapple and cut it into pieces, clean the strawberry and cut it into pieces, put it in a blender, juice the orange and half a lemon, add honey and stir well. Add vanilla ice cream and stir briefly until all the mixture is uniform.

Warm reminder: don’t be afraid of trouble, eat too much raw pineapple directly. On the one hand, pineapple pulp is irritating, which is easy to reduce the taste and stimulate the oral mucosa; On the other hand, it is easy to produce bromelain, and people who are allergic to this protease will have itchy skin and other symptoms.

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Source: fingertip common sense

　　↑ Hoh Xil Tibetan antelope according to IC photo

　　Red Star Journalist Chen Yifan Du Yuquan

　　Editor-in-Chief Deng Guangguang Editor Peng Jiang

　　The much-watched wildlife protection law (the second draft of the revised draft) (hereinafter referred to as "the second draft of the draft") closed for comments on October 1. During the period, a total of 3,806 people put forward 12,057 suggestions for revision of the second draft.

　　Many experts said that in order to respond to the practical needs of wildlife protection, the second draft of the draft has been refined from the aspects of wildlife use, artificial breeding and heritage resource management, and the punishment for illegal acts has been increased. However, the classification management system of artificially bred wild animals in the second draft still needs to be studied, and the concept of wild animals still needs to be clarified.

　　▍The newly added classification and classification management system for artificially bred wild animals experts said that they should be alert to the theft of "whitewashing".

　　Since its promulgation in 1988, the Wildlife Protection Law has undergone four revisions.

　　On October 16, 2020, the 22nd meeting of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) conducted a preliminary review of the revised draft of the Wildlife Protection Law. In August, 2022, the revised draft of the Wildlife Protection Law was submitted to the 36th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) for second instance.

　　Yang Heqing, spokesman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission, said that the second draft has made four major revisions: First, the measures for wildlife protection system have been refined. The second is to link up with the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s regulations on the total fasting of wild animals, and increase the punishment for illegal acts. The third is to improve the prevention and control mechanism of wildlife damage. The fourth is to establish a classified management system for artificially bred wild animals.

　　Qin Peng, deputy dean of the Graduate School of Chongqing University and director of the Research Center for Ecological Rule of Law of Chongqing University, believes that "overall, the second draft of the draft has strengthened the thinking of risk management and control, and set many prohibitive regulations, hoping to provide effective support for wildlife supervision through full chain supervision."

　　According to People’s Daily Online, on August 30th, the 36th meeting of the 13th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) reviewed the revised draft of the Wildlife Protection Law. Some members of the Standing Committee, departments, localities, experts and scholars, enterprises and the public suggested that the specific measures to prohibit and allow the breeding of wild animals should be clear, and it was suggested that differentiated management should be implemented according to the purpose and use of artificial breeding, reflecting the principle of classified and graded management. Therefore, on the basis of the first draft, the second draft of the draft also establishes a classified management system for artificially bred wild animals.

　　As stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 25 of the second draft, the artificial breeding of wildlife under special state protection shall be subject to a licensing system. Artificial breeding of wildlife under special state protection shall be approved by the wildlife protection departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and an artificial breeding license shall be obtained, except as otherwise provided by the State Council for the approval authorities.

　　The third paragraph of Article 25 also stipulates that artificial breeding of terrestrial wild animals with important ecological, scientific and social values (hereinafter referred to as "three-owned animals") shall be filed with the wildlife protection department of the people’s government at the county level.

　　Civet cats, bamboo rats, etc., which are well known to the public, all belong to "three animals". Compared with the first draft, it is stipulated that the artificial breeding of "three animals" should be approved by the wildlife protection department of the county-level people’s government and obtain the artificial breeding license. In the second draft, the artificial breeding of "three animals" was changed to the filing system, which caused concern.

　　The wildlife conservation organization "Let Migratory Birds Fly" issued a document pointing out that the new version of the draft list of "Three Animals" in National Forestry and Grassland Administration in 2021 includes nearly 1,800 species of animals. If the filing system is implemented, the legal cost of illegal breeding will be extremely low. In addition, there are also voices that not prohibiting the artificial breeding of wild animals will only make more people continue to hunt and breed wild animals for profit.

　　The domestication and reproduction of wild animals have long cycle, high cost and low success rate. In contrast, the huge profits that can be obtained by "washing white" stolen animals and then changing hands will be more attractive to related enterprises.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, some breeding enterprises and zoos will try to cover up the origin of the illegally caught wild animals, and then use their own wild animal domestication and breeding licenses and wild animal management and utilization licenses to go through legal procedures under the guise of "self-breeding" and successfully "wash white".

　　Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary-General of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (hereinafter referred to as "Green Development Association"), suggested that "the national principle does not advocate any form of commercial breeding of wild animals, strict control measures should be implemented in countries where commercial breeding of wild animals is necessary, and the species of wild animals should be gradually reduced" should be added to the second draft.

　　Zhou Jinfeng believes that it is necessary to optimize the wildlife protection management system and severely crack down on the behavior of "washing white" called artificial breeding for trading and eating; Reasonably learn from the experience of the ongoing reform of the pollutant discharge permit system, and establish and improve a unified national wildlife permit system as soon as possible; It is necessary to clarify the responsibilities and authorities of relevant departments at central and local levels, appropriately expand the authority of "wildlife protection authorities", increase the "management" function, and establish and improve relevant coordination principles and joint law enforcement mechanisms.

　　▍The revised draft responds to the parrot case. What is the concept of wild animals needs to be clarified.

　　Another major revision of the second draft is to respond to the previous "parrot case".

　　In 2017, Shenzhen man Wang Peng was sentenced to five years in prison for "illegally selling precious and endangered wild animals and their products" for buying and selling artificially bred parrots. The act of "buying and selling artificially domesticated and bred parrots" is included in the scope of the crime of illegally selling precious and endangered wild animals. In March 2018, the Shenzhen Intermediate People’s Court made a second-instance judgment, arguing that the original sentence was too heavy and sentenced Wang Peng to 2 years’ imprisonment. On May 16th of the same year, Wang Peng was released from prison. The case was a sensation, which triggered a heated discussion among legal scholars and the public.

　　Many voices think that it is unreasonable for the judgment to equate artificially bred individuals with wild populations. In addition, some media combed and found that in 21 cases from 2015 to 2017, 32 people were convicted of violating the Criminal Law for buying and selling parrots, and were sentenced to sentences ranging from suspended sentences to 11 years.

　　In the past five years, "parrot cases" have occurred from time to time. Red Star News previously reported that at the end of April 2018, the owner of an aquarium shop in Jiangxi bought 8 parrots and 4 myna from a flower and bird shop, and was later sentenced to 2 years in prison for illegally purchasing and selling endangered wild animals.

　　On August 26th, 2022, Yang Heqing, spokesman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Law Commission, said, "This is actually a question of how to better manage exotic species. The second review draft of this revised draft clearly manages the wild animals in the list of relevant international conventions in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law, instead of managing them according to the national key protected wild animals before the amendment. This is also a major adjustment made by this amendment. "

　　Qin Peng, vice president of the Graduate School of Chongqing University and director of the Research Center for Ecological Rule of Law of Chongqing University, believes that the establishment of a hierarchical management system for artificially breeding wild animals is conducive to reducing the occurrence of "parrot cases".

　　Paragraph 1 of Article 37 of the second draft stipulates that the list of wild animals or their products whose trade is prohibited or restricted by international conventions to which People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a party shall be formulated, adjusted and published by the State Administration for Import and Export of Endangered Species. The wild animals listed in the first paragraph of this article shall be managed in accordance with the relevant provisions of this law with the approval of the competent department of wildlife protection in the State Council.

　　However, at present, the protection of wild animals is only aimed at the wild animals included in the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals, the Appendix of CITES, the List of Three Owns and the Lists of Local Key Protected Wild Animals (hereinafter referred to as the List).

　　Zhou Jinfeng believes that this management of the List will make other species outside the List not protected by national laws. "The protection of the List is ok, but this is only a part. Be sure to add that everything that should be protected outside the Catalogue must be protected, whether it is habitat or species. "

　　He suggested that the legal definition of "wild animals" should be clarified in the second draft, and the protection of wild animals should be changed from key protection to universal protection. "It is necessary to make a clear definition of wild animals, so that it is easy to distinguish between wild animals in natural environment and native environment and some differences between artificially domesticated and bred wild animals. With the legal definition, all our work, including some laws and regulations, will make corresponding institutional arrangements because of the legal definition. "

　　Take catching earthworms with electrical equipment as an example. According to Red Star News, wild earthworms have become scarce after years of catching.

　　On July 8, 2020, the Green Development Association filed a public interest lawsuit against three home appliance enterprises in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. The Green Hair Association believes that these businesses provide unspecified users with the opportunity to exterminate earthworms, which destroys the ecological balance of the soil in the earthworm habitat. Excessive hunting of earthworms will also bring irreversible damage to the ecological environment, and their actions have constituted environmental infringement. On August 12, 2021, the Intermediate People’s Court of Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province sentenced three enterprises to compensate for economic losses of about 1.59 million yuan and published an apology statement in the national media. Due to dissatisfaction with the first-instance judgment, three companies appealed to the Guangdong Provincial High Court. On February 17, 2022, the Guangdong Higher People’s Court upheld the original judgment in the second instance.

　　Zhou Jinfeng said that according to the current "Wildlife Protection Law", earthworms are not within the scope of protection. "But in reality, a large number of extinct capture of earthworms by motors did occur, and earthworms have a very important ecological role in soil safety."

　　He suggested that the Wildlife Protection Law should move from key protection to universal protection. "Our protection doesn’t mean that we only protect it and don’t use it at all, but how to regulate interests under the protection."

　　▍Improper release behavior is frequent, and specific measures need to be formulated for the release of wild animals.

　　In addition, the second draft of the draft also proposed that the competent department of wildlife protection be authorized to formulate specific measures for release.

　　Improper release behavior is one of the main ways of alien species invasion. According to Red Star News, the news that exotic species Crocodile Eel frequently appears in urban communities or parks has been widely concerned by the society. The reporter’s investigation found that alligator eels were sold as ornamental fish on the online platform, and the alligator eels that appeared in many lakes were probably the result of buyers’ free release.

　　China’s relevant laws and regulations have clear legal provisions on improper release. When the Wildlife Protection Law was revised in 2016, the requirement of "harmlessness" was put forward. Any unit or individual who releases wild animals into the wild environment should choose local species suitable for wild survival in the released areas, and must not interfere with the normal life and production of local residents and avoid doing harm to the ecosystem. Anyone who releases wild animals at will, causing personal or property damage to others or endangering the ecosystem, shall bear legal responsibility according to law.

　　The 11th Amendment to the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), which came into effect on March 1st, 2021, added the criminal responsibility of "illegally introducing, releasing or discarding alien invasive species, if the circumstances are serious", and sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, with or without a fine.

　　Regarding how to regulate improper release in practice, Qin Peng said that the division of relevant responsibilities is clearly stipulated in Article 7 of the second draft, and daily law enforcement can be carried out according to this Article and existing administrative practice. At the same time, the provisions also set a special responsibility for fines, and gave the special rule-making power to the wildlife protection department. "The subsequent system regulations will become more and more detailed, and the specific situation will wait for time to test."

　　In addition to managing the improper release behavior itself, Chen Juanli, director of northwest university of politics and law Animal Protection Law Research Center, also wrote an article suggesting that supervision should be strengthened from its related pre-and follow-up links. Including setting clear prohibitive clauses for both parties to e-commerce platform transactions and setting certain regulatory responsibilities for e-commerce platform operators. Strengthen the licensing system for the introduction of alien species and the entry quarantine system to curb it from the source.

　　Qin Peng told the Red Star journalist that, on the whole, the second draft of the draft has comprehensively responded to the actual needs of wildlife protection, and its framework structure and specific content are relatively complete. "At the same time, in order to optimize the quality of the second draft, I think we can refine the provisions on compensation for wildlife damage, and we can also promote the insurance pilot work of compensation for wildlife damage through incentives."

　　―END―

　　The medical staff are working. Xinhua news agency

　　Production of antiviral drugs. Xinhua news agency

　　editorial comment/note

　　How did the virus originate? What are scientists doing in developing drugs against Covid-19? It is the top priority for Chinese researchers to develop effective clinical drugs for Covid-19, improve the cure rate and reduce the mortality rate. On February 15th, Zhang Xinmin, director of the Biological Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, introduced that the drug screening and treatment program had made positive progress at the press conference held by the the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism on the latest progress of drug research and development and scientific research in Covid-19. The Ministry of Science and Technology organized a national excellent scientific research team to screen more than 70,000 drugs or compounds by computer simulation screening and in vitro enzyme activity test. At present, The scientific research team has focused on a few drugs, and a number of drugs, such as chloroquine phosphate, lundixivir, and farpiravir, have successively carried out clinical trials. At present, some drugs have initially shown good clinical efficacy. This issue focuses on the origin of the virus, drug research and development, and psychological anti-epidemic.

　　The structure of most viruses is very simple. Basically, it is a shell made of protein wrapped with some genetic material, which is no different from dead things at ordinary times. Once infected cells, they inject their own genes into the host cells and use the host cells to replicate themselves to produce new viruses. Is the virus a living thing? Where did they come from? Below, let’s take a look at three hypotheses about the origin of the virus.

　　Hypothesis 1 Ancient macromolecules Some macromolecules, such as RNA, DNA and protein, begin to replicate themselves independently or cooperatively, and this stage can be called "molecular life". However, in a peaceful molecular life, there is a different kind, that is, some molecular life, including LUCA, the latest common ancestor of all living things, which has developed a structure that has changed the law of life, that is, cells. Cells with membrane structure can better protect delicate core macromolecules such as RNA and protein, which greatly enhances the adaptability of these organisms, which means that they will rub their original molecular life on the ground. There is a hypothesis (The Virus-First Hypothesis) that the virus is the "adherents" of the primitive molecular life world. This hypothesis was once very popular, after all, the structure of viruses is so simple, even crude, and their differences from cell life are so great.

　　Some viruses can form crystals after purification, which is unimaginable for cell biology. More solid evidence comes from "Virusoid", which is an RNA molecule. Pseudovirus can’t infect cells directly, but it can infect viruses. To be exact, it can copy itself and spread itself by hitchhiking when some viruses infect cells, which can cause some diseases such as human hepatitis D.

　　Hypothesis 2 The gene of "defection" Genes can also defect? Yes, in The Progressive Hypothesis, genes will do anything to keep themselves alive.

　　There is a small circular DNA called "plasmid" widely in bacteria. These genes are basically a group of wage earners and temporary workers. Bacteria can absorb them from the environment for their own use at any time, and they can also drive them away at any time.

　　In many bacteria, in addition to their original DNA, there are often some small fragments of circular DNA, which are called plasmids. So in the long evolution, some plasmids learned one thing: we should not work all our lives! These plasmids changed from wage earners to wage earners, which in turn hijacked their bacterial boss and took away all the nutrients of bacteria to replicate themselves. Over time, some plasmids become viruses.

　　Bacteria often suffer from a kind of virus infection called "phage". Some people think that phage comes from plasmid. The cells and bacteria of human beings and all animals and plants are very different. We all belong to "eukaryotes". There are no plasmids like bacteria in the cells, but there are still some genes waiting to move. They refused to stay on the chromosome, but jumped around in the nucleus, running to this chromosome for a while and running to that chromosome for a while. However, these naughty genes do have a name of sage like type — — Transposon (transposon)

　　According to the detection of molecular biology, many transposons have very similar gene sequences to viruses, and the mechanism of integrating themselves into the chromosomes of host cells is also highly similar. In particular, the "Retrotransposon" among them is almost as similar as some viruses, and the only difference is that these transposons cannot migrate from cell to cell like viruses.

　　However, the origin of viruses is still confusing here, because they don’t follow the evolutionary model of general organisms at all.

　　The general process of virus infection is: inject your own genes into the host cells, then use the host cells to copy your own genes, and make all kinds of materials needed to construct virus particles. Finally, manipulate the cells to package all parts of virus particles together with the virus genes into new virus particles and release them to infect other cells. But in this process, the virus is exchanging genes with various organisms all the time.

　　For example, when a virus directs a host cell to package virus particles, it sometimes packages some host cell DNA, or accidentally leaves a little bit of its own gene in the host cell. There is a gene in mammals to prevent the maternal immune system from attacking the fetus, that is, a virus accidentally landed in our cells more than 100 million years ago. When the virus spreads across species, it often leads to the transfer of genes from one species to another.

　　Hypothesis 3 Decaying cellular organisms. After entering the 21st century, a series of discoveries began to make scientists more aware that there are other possibilities for the origin of the virus.

　　In 2003, scientists discovered a very unreasonable virus — — "Mimivirus", the size of this virus has reached 0.4 to 0.5 microns, which is almost the same as bacteria under the microscope. The coronavirus that caused this epidemic is considered to be a relatively large type of virus, and its size is less than 0.1 micron.

　　In 2008, scientists discovered the second big virus, and named it "Mamavirus". Since then, one kind of "Giant Virus" has appeared in human vision one after another. By the time Pandoravirus was discovered in 2013, the record of the largest virus was even more than 1 micron.

　　Pandora virus, the largest known virus, looks almost the same as a bacterium.

　　Since then, the boundaries between viruses and some single-celled organisms have become blurred. For example, the structure and genes of Bacteroides virus are very similar to those of a single-celled organism called archaea. The only difference is that Bacteroides virus has lost a part of the key genes that independently complete cell division, so it has to parasitize in the cells of other organisms and use the cells of the host to grow and reproduce.

　　So there is the third hypothesis of the origin of the virus (The Regressive Hypothesis), which holds that the virus is essentially a degenerate creature. Some single-celled organisms gradually degenerate most of their cell structures in the long-term parasitic life, and finally become this "living dead" general appearance, and the flow like bacteroides virus is an archaea that has just begun to degenerate.

　　Why do deadly viruses always come from wild animals? Let’s analyze it from the perspective of evolution.

　　The "best" virus does not cause too serious symptoms (otherwise it will kill the host itself), but it should not be too gentle (after all, the host is often infected with other viruses at the same time, so it is still necessary to grab resources). Therefore, in the long evolution, this game will promote the virus to finally reach a certain tacit understanding with the host. For example, human beings and rhinoviruses that may cause the common cold belong to this relationship.

　　However, the virus will mutate, and some mutations will cause the host of the virus to change. Without the tacit understanding of long-term running-in between the virus and the new host, there will be the problem of "not paying attention to it", and some of them will bring fatal diseases to the host.

　　In the long-term evolution, human beings have reached a perfect tacit understanding with the viruses that accompanied them all the way from ancient ancestors, and the viruses from livestock, such as measles and flu, are not perfect, but they are somewhat tacit, so they rarely cause serious epidemics. Only the virus from wild animals has nothing to do with human beings, so almost all the diseases that caused the great plague came from wild animals. Therefore, I hope everyone can stay away from wild animals, including stray animals, and don’t raise or eat wild animals.

　　(Author: Tang Cheng Author: Center for Excellence and Innovation of Brain Science and Intelligent Technology, China Academy of Sciences)

　　Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics released data. In April, the national consumer price rose by 2.5% year-on-year. Among them, the price of fresh fruit rose by 11.9%, which affected the CPI by about 0.22%.

　　According to media reports, the CPI data of 31 provinces in April have also been released one after another. Don’t look at the classification, there are 13 provinces with a year-on-year increase in fresh fruits, and 18 provinces with an increase of over 10%.

　　Why is the price of fruit "rising" recently? When will the price stabilize in the future?

　　On May 23, CCTV Financial Review invitedGuo Liyan, a researcher at the Market Institute of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, andWang Guan, a commentator of Yangguang Finance and Economics, was a guest in the studio.

　　Why is the fruit "rising"?

　　Guo Liyan: The seasonal supply gap of fresh fruit is bigger than in previous years.

　　Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Market Institute of China Macroeconomic Research Institute: The seasonal supply gap of fresh fruit is larger than in previous years, and there are several factors. The first is from 2018 to 2019.Disastrous weather occurred in different degrees in the southern and northern fruit producing areas during the growing period, and it is a gap period in the fruit market at present.

　　In addition,At the beginning of this year, there was a cold spring, and the handling cost and labor cost in some parts of the south also increased during the rain. Coupled with the increase in transportation costs, the price of fresh fruit rose.

　　Crown: "Yan value economy" has become a price pusher

　　Wang Guan, commentator of Yangguang Finance and Economics: From another perspective, I noticed that the number of fruits imported from Beijing Xinfadi is increasing, and the price of fruits is also rising.The impact of the increase in the proportion of high-end fruits such as foreign imports and organic fruits.

　　Consumers’ demand for "fine fruits" is increasing, which leads to the continuous improvement of the quality and grade of fruits. In addition, with the development of cities, some traditional farmers’ markets gradually fade out.The sales channels of new fruit specialty stores or comprehensive supermarkets, and the cost of property are increasing. These factors have promoted the price of fruit to a certain extent.

　　When will "low-key fruit" return?

　　News link:

　　Liu Aihua, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics, said recently that the price of fresh fruit is affected by seasonal factors of extreme weather, and the seasonal short-term impact is not sustainable.The rise in the price of fresh fruit will not last at a high level.

　　Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Market Research Institute of China Macroeconomic Research Institute: From June to August, summer fruits began to be listed in batches, and melons such as watermelons and cantaloupes were gradually listed, which would lower the whole fruit market price.

　　By September, as new apples mature and enter the market this year, the price of fresh fruit will be stabilized, and with the gradual increase of supply, the price of fresh fruit will gradually stabilize.

　　Crown: E-commerce giants actively enter the market, price subsidies attract traffic

　　Wang Guan, commentator of Yangguang Finance: Now online shopping has become the choice of many consumers. Nowadays, e-commerce has entered an era of digging deep into stocks, and various shopping apps are attracting everyone’s attention.

　　Recently, everyone will see that at least 3 to 4 home appliance manufacturers have entered fruit producing areas, such as litchi producing areas, hoping to compete for traffic through the docking of e-commerce and fruit farmers. Consumers will download the APP and get discounts when buying fruits.These promotional measures are aimed at targeting the market and competing for users, but they also bring certain benefits to consumers.

　　Guo Liyan: Smooth supply channels, fruit prices will fall seasonally, and the price base will be solid.

　　Guo Liyan, a researcher at the Market Research Institute of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said: People’s consumption is upgrading, and the quality of consumption is also upgrading. Now, we choose the best from the fruit seed industry.

　　I think subtraction should be done as far as possible around fruit production, storage, circulation, retail and distribution, so that it can reach the people through simple links and reduce costs. In addition, we should improve the quality of service supply.

　　On the other hand, around the supply, we can look at it from a broader perspective. Some good high-end fruits imported from abroad, such as fruits from Southeast Asia and other places, can be matched out of season, and some fruits can also expand their stocks. In the case of low stocks, we can stabilize the price of fresh fruits by expanding overseas supply, improving stocks and unblocking channels, which provides strong support for food prices. I think there is a solid foundation for stabilizing prices.

　　Crown: price increase and slow sales coexist. Agricultural modernization needs to be accelerated

　　Wang Guan, commentator of Yangguang Finance: Recently, fruit prices are rising, but this year,In some places, fruits are also unsalable.

　　Because the freshness of fruits is relatively strong, the sales channels are not smooth for a short time, which reflects to some extent that there is a relatively high room for improvement in order agriculture, and our agricultural modernization needs to be accelerated in the future.

Wisteria (Chinese painting) Wu Guanzhong is selected from the Chinese Art Palace (Shanghai Art Museum) "Chinese Scenery-Lin Fengmian and Wu Guanzhong Art Exhibition"

I read Wang Zengqi’s novel "The Apprentice", in which I wrote that the great grandfather of the fourth season was jealous of the people, and I thought of Mr. Wang himself.

Mr. Wang is famous for painting, and he also wants to be a painter. His father is a painter. He went to The National SouthWest Associated University at the age of 19. Mr. Wang once said that if he failed, he would go to the National College of Fine Arts. However, Mr. Wang has been admitted. If he fails, he will go to the Art College. Perhaps there will be another master in the history of modern painting in China.

The plot of The Appreciator is very simple, telling the story of a great painter and a fruit delivery vendor. It is also a story about a bosom friend. We all know that Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi, one playing the piano and the other listening to the piano, performed a deep feeling of "high mountains and flowing water". Although Ye San is a fruit vendor, he knows Ji Xianmin and his paintings. Ji Xianmin’s paintings are never seen by people, but he can see them in Yuzryha. Ye San’s appreciation of his paintings is what Ji Xianmin is proud of. Ji Jian-min painted the wrong lotus, and Ye San pointed it out, so Ji Jian-min repainted it and gave it to Ye San. Sometimes Ji Jian-min gave Ye San a painting without the title, and Yuzryha San could sell it. Ye San said, I won’t sell any of your paintings. Sure enough, after Ye San’s death, according to his will, his son buried all the paintings given by Ji Yumin.

Mr. Wang Zengqi knows Chinese painting. He wrote this novel to pay tribute to the literati paintings in China after the Song and Yuan Dynasties (he knew many painters in ancient China), and also devoted his understanding of China ink painting (including techniques) to the text. For example, Mr. Wang painted the ink lotus and wisteria, such as "there is wind in wisteria, and the flowers are messy". Mr. Wang himself painted many wisteria with this kind of messy flowers.

During his visit to Iowa, Mr. Wang gave a speech entitled "My Creative Career". When talking about the relationship between China’s literature and painting, he said that some people say that his novels are poetic novels, but he hopes that some people will say that his novels are picturesque novels.

This is really what Mr. Wang hopes, and it is also the case. Mr. Wang’s works are indeed full of painting meaning-China’s ink spirit, the art of blank space in Chinese painting.

He also visited some art galleries and museums in America. In the Boston Museum, he saw a Song Huizong’s copy of Zhang Xuan’s "Dao Lian Tu" and admired it immensely. He mentioned this painting in a conversation and said, "That thread is so long that I can’t wait to kowtow to it when I write it." In the novel, Mr. Wang used Zhang Daqian to write about the painting of Mohe lotus by Ji Yumin, saying that "the lotus leaves he painted are not hooked, and the lotus stalks are not pricked, and he likes to make them long, and the lotus stalks are very long, and they are all in one stroke." This is all Mr. Wang’s own experience.

Author: Subei

Text: Northern Jiangsu Picture: Wu Guanzhong Editor: Wu Dongkun Editor: Shu Ming

Please indicate the source when reprinting this article.

　　Some netizens often ask: "I work outside, and I often don’t have enough vegetables. What should I do if I don’t have enough nutrition?" I always feel uncomfortable if I don’t eat vegetables! Is there any food that can replace the nutrition of fresh vegetables? Can taking multivitamin pills replace eating vegetables? "

　　Indeed, many people go to barren hills or deserts, to foreign countries, to frontier areas and to poverty-stricken areas because of work needs, or for reasons such as teaching and helping the poor. These places often do not have enough fresh vegetables to supply. Even if there are vegetables, they are mostly radishes, cabbages and potatoes, especially leafy vegetables lacking dark green.

　　If it’s ten days and a half, that’s fine. Get over it first, and then make it up when you come back. However, if it is a few months, or even a year or two, the lack of vegetables will inevitably affect your health.

　　As we all know, adequate vegetables are very important for supplying vitamin C, folic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin K, potassium, calcium, magnesium, dietary fiber and various antioxidant substances.

　　Ideally, there should be vegetables in the meal, and 300 to 500 grams of vegetables are eaten every day, and this weight does not include the part thrown into the trash can, but the part that is directly imported.

　　In the case of really not eating enough, you can take the following seven remedial measures. Although it can’t completely solve the problem, it can at least reduce some damage to the nutritional balance and make the body get more comprehensive nutritional and health care ingredients.

　　Temporarily supplement multivitamins.

　　If the dose of vitamin supplements is not too large, close to the normal amount of reasonable dietary intake, taking supplements is harmless. All the worries about supplements are in the case of large quantities. The vitamin content of some products is ten times or even dozens of times the daily recommended value, which is not suitable for long-term use.

　　It must be recognized that although these nutrient supplements can prevent vitamin deficiency, they cannot replace all the health functions of vegetables, such as supplying potassium, calcium and magnesium, dietary fiber, antioxidants and other phytochemicals.

　　Prepare some dried vegetables.

　　You can buy some dried vegetables that can rise after soaking in water, take them to your work area, or order them online. Such as dried seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida, kelp, etc.), dried mushrooms, dried mushrooms, dried fungus, dried bamboo shoots, and evergreen (dried vegetables), as a supplement to the lack of vegetables.

　　Dried products are convenient to store and carry, and it is also convenient to cook dishes after soaking. For example, put some soaked fungus and mushrooms in cooking, add some soaked bamboo shoots and mushrooms in stew and chicken, and add some soaked Undaria pinnatifida in soup, all of which are quite delicious.

　　Although there are fewer vitamins after drying, at least a lot of minerals and dietary fiber can be supplemented. Minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium can still be preserved after drying. In particular, most dietary fiber can be preserved, which is very helpful to prevent constipation.

　　Substitute potato, sweet potato, yam and other potatoes.

　　Potato is a kind of food between vegetables and staple food. It contains starch, vitamin C, rich potassium, and some antioxidants, and its dietary fiber content is much higher than that of white rice and white flour.

　　If potatoes are used to replace part of white rice and steamed bread, more vitamin C, B vitamins, potassium and dietary fiber can be obtained on the premise of the same total carbohydrate.

　　For people who need to lose weight, we must pay attention to the fact that when eating potatoes, we should not put oil and salt. Instead, we should put them in a rice cooker and steam them with rice, and reduce the amount of white rice and flour while eating potatoes.

　　For people who need to gain weight, adding some potato foods such as potatoes and yam to their daily staple food, such as stewing potatoes into vegetables, is just conducive to gaining weight.

　　Increase the number of daily vegetables

　　In some remote areas, although there are no fresh green leafy vegetables, there are still some storable vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, onion and carrot.

　　Although Chinese cabbage is not as nutritious as green leafy vegetables, it still contains a certain amount of vitamin C, dietary fiber and minerals.

　　As long as you increase your food intake and eat more Chinese cabbage, you can get more nutrients and partially make up for the loss of insufficient varieties. This is the so-called "quantity compensation for insufficient quality". Carrot itself is a good thing. Eating some often can at least prevent vitamin A deficiency.

　　Send bean sprouts and bean sprouts to increase green leafy vegetables.

　　You can use soybeans, black beans, peas, etc. to soak them and eat them yourself to increase the variety of vegetables. Bud sprouts can spread green leaves as long as they see light, which belongs to green leafy vegetables. Common sprout vegetables include radish seedlings, buckwheat seedlings and peanut seedlings. The sprouts taste good and can be fried. Radish seedlings and buckwheat seedlings can also be eaten raw and cold directly.

　　Even if there are only wheat and barley seeds, they can be made into wheat seedlings, then cut off and beaten into juice with their own beater. This is the best "green juice".

　　It would be better if you could bring some seeds of green leafy vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and rape. You can get fresh vegetables by growing your own vegetables.

　　Order canned vegetables online

　　At present, there are many canned vegetables, such as canned tomatoes, canned green beans, canned mushrooms, canned asparagus, canned pickles, canned corn shoots, canned/bagged ketchup, etc., and the price of ordering in boxes is not high.

　　Although canned food loses some vitamin C, it is not zero, and there is no loss of dietary fiber and potassium. It is convenient for storage and transportation, so direct order is enough. Take it out every day and eat a little at every meal, which still plays a big role in supplying nutrition.

　　With all kinds of flower and fruit tea materials that can be soaked in water.

　　Prepare your favorite tea, coffee, dried rose, dried chrysanthemum, dried roselle, dried lemon, etc., and make a drink with hot water. Although the quantity is limited, it can increase the supply of potassium, vitamin C, organic acids and some antioxidant substances.

　　The so-called methods are always more difficult. As long as these methods are used in combination, we can overcome the difficulty of insufficient vegetables, and make our diet life much richer and healthier.

　　Text/Fan Zhihong (Director of China Nutrition Society)