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　　Under the guidance of the old couple, when the reporter drove for more than an hour to the farm operated by Ge Liang, he found that the door was closed. Photo by liu ling

　　Zhongxin. com, Nanjing, September 13th (Reporter liu ling) "When I saw him at first sight, my head was ‘ Hum ’ 1, received! " On the morning of the 13th, Ms. Ding Qiaorong from Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that she gave birth to a pair of twin sons 35 years ago. At that time, the doctor said that the younger son was "spoiled" (died). I didn’t expect to meet a man who looks almost the same as her eldest son in the same ward not long ago. Although it was only the first time to meet, she had no doubt that this man was the youngest son who had been separated for many years.

　　Why are Ding Qiaorong and her husband Yu Guanghui so sure that this man is the lost youngest son? Yu Guanghui said that his eyebrows and eyes are too similar to himself, and even the moles on his nose are exactly the same as those of his eldest son.

　　"Bao’s adult can only give up the child."

　　Things have to start from the evening of August 30 of the lunar calendar 35 years ago.

　　That evening, Ding Qiaorong, who was pregnant with twins, felt unwell and went to a hospital in Shuyang County for labor.

　　"About 8 o’clock, the eldest son was born. The doctor told me it was a son and told me to keep trying. There was another one inside. " Ding Qiaorong told reporters that his consciousness was still clear at that time, and he also told the doctor that there was a son in his stomach, which had been checked long ago, and Ding Qiaorong then fainted.

　　A few hours later, after Ding Qiaorong woke up, he realized that he had a massive hemorrhage when he gave birth to the "little second son", and shock led to coma. What saddens her even more is that "the younger son is gone."

　　"The people in the hospital asked her mother-in-law for 4 yuan money to deal with ‘ The younger son ’ Two yuan to buy ‘ Pubao ’ (Shroud), two yuan for labor. " Yu Guanghui introduced that he was still working in other places at that time, and he didn’t hear about it until he got home three days later. "The doctor said that my daughter-in-law was bleeding heavily. In order to keep an adult, I could only give up my child."

　　Yu Guanghui recalled that every time I think about this, my mother regrets it. At that time, Yu Guanghui, who didn’t see the child’s body, always had some doubts about it.

　　But Yu Guanghui, who has no clue, can only choose to believe the hospital’s statement and bury his doubts in his heart. "I have always felt that my ‘ The younger son ’ Not dying, this may be a kind of concern for the father and son. "

　　"Don’t look for it, grandpa has already taken him to Shanghai."

　　One day in 1988, one of Yu Guanghui’s nephews was drinking with some friends in guandun. In the middle of the wine, a friend who lives in the East Pass of Shuyang said that a family nearby adopted a boy from guandun. "It is said that it was one of the twins and was born to a woman named Ding."

　　The East Pass of Shuyang County is more than 30 miles away from guandun. Is his lost son so close? Yu Guanghui, who got the news, vowed to find his son.

　　"In that year, I went to the East Pass every day, turning from alley to alley." Yu Guanghui said that more than 30 miles now seems not too far away, but at that time, there were no bicycles, and it took more than an hour to walk.

　　Yu Guanghui recalled that he often went to look for his son with a piece of dry cake. When he was thirsty, he went to his fellow villagers’ home to beg for saliva. He was often reprimanded for "how can he come out begging at a young age and be lazy?"

　　"I didn’t go out to work in those years, and I have been looking for the trace of my son. I basically go back and forth from guandun to Dongguankou every day." Yu Guanghui told the reporter of Zhongxin. com that he did not dare to look for it publicly, for fear of being beaten. He could only ask people and talk.

　　In this way, Yu Guanghui inquired for several years and failed to find a trace of his son. A local woman felt sorry for him and told him, "Don’t look for him. Their family knew you were looking for him. The grandfather of the child had already taken the child to Shanghai, and there was no one at home."

　　With the passage of time, Yu Guanghui slowly broke his mind and went to Nanjing with his eldest son’s family to open a restaurant and lived in Nanjing. Because he missed his "lost" little son for a long time, he couldn’t sleep all night. "I can smoke two packs of cigarettes every night, and my blood pressure is very high."

　　At first glance, this is my "little second son"

　　Things turned around on the fourth day of the first month after the Spring Festival in 2016. Ding Qiaorong, who suffered from kidney calculi, returned from Nanjing to a hospital in Shuyang County for treatment.

　　Ding Qiaorong, who just entered the ward, was blinded. What caught her eye was a man who was almost exactly the same as her eldest son. In a trance, she even thought that her eldest son had returned from Nanjing.

　　Holding back the trembling, Ding Qiaorong quietly asked the patients around him to know that this man had come to deliver food for his injured daughter-in-law, but he really came to support him. Ding Qiaorong called his wife Yu Guanghui with tears. When Yu Guanghui rushed to the hospital to see this young man, he immediately concluded that this man must be his "second child".

　　Looking at the man who is almost the mirror image of his eldest son, and it is likely to be his long-lost youngest son, Ding Qiaorong tried to recognize it, but he didn’t dare to recognize it, tossing and turning all night.

　　Yu Guanghui inquired in many ways and learned that the man’s name was Ge Liang (a pseudonym), and Ge Liang admitted that he was adopted. However, it is unclear how the younger son of Yu Guanghui and his wife died in the hospital was adopted. This kind of "adoption" has made Yu Guanghui and his wife suffer for 35 years.

　　Yu Guanghui said that after many investigations, there was a local saying that Ge Liang’s adoptive parents also had a boy, but the boy was in poor health. Liang Xu’s adoptive parents believed in the superstition that another boy could be happy, so they found someone to ‘ Xiaoer ’ It was stolen.

　　"I can treat you as filial parents, but I can’t do paternity test."

　　Knowing what happened to Yu Guanghui and Ding Qiaorong over the years, Ge Liang agreed to test DNA to confirm his identity, but the next day, he changed his mind.

　　"He said that he has adapted to the current life and can no longer make his family suffer, but he can treat us as filial as parents." Yu Guanghui doesn’t understand that children are the pride of parents, but Ge Liang can’t understand their pain of losing their children for more than 30 years.

　　On the morning of the 13th, under the guidance of Yu Guanghui and his wife, when the reporter drove for more than an hour to the farm operated by Ge Liang, he found that the gate was closed and a man in a blue shirt left in a hurry on an electric car. Yu Guanghui said that the man who left was Ge Liang.

　　A man surnamed Zhang who claimed to be Ge Liang’s partner told reporters that Ge Liang is now under too much pressure to be interviewed. At the request of the reporter, the man called Ge Liang several times to communicate, but he never came forward.

　　"I don’t understand where his pressure comes from. I won’t pursue the responsibility of the hospital in those days, nor will I ask him to give me a pension. I just want to know that my son is still alive." Ding Qiaorong said that on the one hand, Ge Liang did not agree to the paternity test, but also said that he would treat himself like his own parents. "Things are like falling into a dead end, but how can we be content?"

　　On the afternoon of the 13th, the reporter called Ge Liang several times. As of press time, no one answered. Regarding the progress of this matter, the reporter of Zhongxin. com will continue to pay attention. (End)

　　[car home Test Drive] Recently, chongqing lifan Automobile launched a small upgraded model from lifan 320, which was temporarily named as lifan 320 New Interior Edition. As the name implies, the main change of this model must be in the interior. Lifan 320 is positioned in the small car class, where it can be said that it is a strong hand, so to survive or gain more space in it is not only the price on the one hand, but also the practicality and personality on the other. Recently, we had the honor to participate in the test drive meeting of the new interior model in lifan 320, to see what unique weapon this model with widely disputed appearance can survive in the market.

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●　　Appearance aspect

　　The appearance design of lifan 320 is the most controversial point. When you first see it, you will be surprised to find that this car has many similarities with many models. Flat body, vertically designed C-pillar, blackened A-pillar and B-pillar make people think of MINI. But it’s better to learn from it than to imitate it. lifan 320’s exterior design has also incorporated many design concepts of Lifan, such as headlights and air intake grille. Although it looks a little stiff, as a domestic independent brand model, this step still needs to be taken now.

　　Lifan 320’s front face design incorporates many sports styles. The honeycomb grille and the curved front machine cover all convey "I am very athletic". The amoeba-like headlights, though novel in design, don’t fit in with its tough overall appearance lines, and even though the low beam lamp is equipped with a lens, it is still illuminated by halogen bulbs instead of xenon lamps. This design seems a bit redundant. If the lens is deleted and then some more practical configurations are added, it may be recognized by more people.

　　When you drive a lifan 320 in the downtown area, you will find that you have accumulated a lot of people’s attention, mainly because its design is very similar to the MINI mini, which makes people easily mistake it for that classic model.

　　Perhaps the most controversial part of lifan 320 is its side lines, flat body lines and tough cab lines. This design has been used on other models, so when lifan 320 went on the market, many people talked about imitating other models. But imitating others is definitely a good place to learn from, and the ultimate goal of imitation is to find a way of your own. As a regular Lifan automobile, we should improve ourselves through continuous learning and integrate our own characteristics into future products.

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　　The test drive model is a high-profile model in lifan 320, which is equipped with a chrome-plated door handle, a bumper with the same color on the body, a chrome-plated letterhead, an electric rear wiper and a rear spoiler with LED brake lights. The overall style is very sporty. But I feel that too much chrome decoration is a bit tacky for a model suitable for young people to drive. It is better to add some scratch strips or personalized car logos, which is more attractive to young car buyers.

　　It is obvious that lifan 320’s tail design imitates and draws lessons from it, but Lifan did not copy it intact, but added Lifan’s own design, and two round lights formed an oval taillight, especially to explain that lifan 320’s brakes have very high brightness at night and faster response speed, which is very helpful to the driving safety of the car.

　　In terms of tires, lifan 320’s new interior version has not made any changes, and it still uses Jiatong 165/70R14 tires. For a car, this equipment may be for the purpose of achieving good fuel economy. Although the size of the tire is small, the design of the wheel hub is very thoughtful. If the size can be increased, I think the visual effect will be better.

Change one　 The color matching of the seat has changed.

　　Since it is called the new interior version, there will be obvious changes in the interior of the car. After opening the door, it is found that the new interior version of lifan 320 has replaced a brand-new seat color design, which is mainly dark beige with gray. The most remarkable effect of this design is that it gives people a warmer feeling. Although dark beige will not be too dirty in daily use, it is more intimate than black seats.

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Change 2 dashboard design is novel and full of sense of technology.

　　The next significant change is the dashboard, which has added many popular elements, such as LCD screen and digital speedometer, and it is worth mentioning that the brand-new dashboard looks like Mickey Mouse’s head, with two ears for oil gauge and water thermometer, and a large semicircle in the middle for tachometer and speedometer. When the lights are on, the whole dashboard really looks like Mickey Mouse.

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Change three　　The sound panel changes greatly.

　　The sound control panel has also changed greatly, from the original square design to the smiling face shape composed of circles and curves, but in actual use, it is found that there is no CD player, only USB, AUX interface and radio. At present, most people are still used to using CD, which is not only convenient but also has good sound quality. The main reason why lifan 320 doesn’t have a CD is probably the cost.

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　　When lifan 320 was just listed, many friends noticed the shape of its door panel. If you look closely, it is actually a funny smiling face, with one big eye and one small eye, and the storage compartment is like a big mouth with a split smile. This design highlights the young characteristics of lifan 320, and it is still rare in China. lifan 320 has also taken a step in innovation.

　　As mentioned earlier, the car door panel in lifan 320 is designed with a smiling face. Although it is novel and beautiful, you will obviously find that there is a problem in this design in daily use, that is, the door handle is designed to be in a relatively backward position, which means that you will feel very uncomfortable when you close the door after getting on the bus. Generally, the door closing handle will be set in the middle of the car door, which will make it very convenient to close the door. However, when the lifan 320 is set in a backward position, the arm bending will be awkward.

　　Now that you come back to life, you will also find that the lockers on the car doors are not very convenient to use. The slender openings can’t hold wider items, but only some documents or small items. There is no storage compartment on the back door of lifan 320, so it is not considerate to take care of the rear passengers. In fact, these are small parts, and Lifan Automobile still needs to make more efforts in humanized design.

　　The glove box also has the same problem. When you open the glove box, you will find some damping, which is very good! However, observing the inside of the glove box, it is found that the space is very small, and the opening device of the glove box occupies one third of the whole space, so it is impossible to place some bulky items.

　　As a small car, lifan 320’s interior space is relatively spacious, especially in the head, and even passengers who are about 1.8 meters tall will not feel oppressive. Through experience, it is found that there are some shortcomings in the design of lifan 320’s back seat. The size of the back seat is a little short. Although it is equipped with an adjustable headrest, when the headrest is adjusted to the highest position, the neck will still be put down, and the taller passengers will feel uncomfortable.

　　Lifan 320’s trunk has a volume of 300 liters, which is moderate in the class of small cars. It can also be placed in the back seat to expand the cargo space. When the rear seat is laid down, the two buckles of the fixed seat will be exposed, which will directly affect the shape of the loading space, which is more troublesome for carrying some large items.

　　In these subtle design aspects, it reflects whether the manufacturer has considered the actual use of the product thoroughly or not. For a newly established brand like Lifan Automobile, it is necessary to constantly improve itself through continuous practice and long-term customer feedback.

●　　Test drive part

　　Finally, in terms of driving performance, lifan 320 played a sports card at the initial stage of listing, and its imitation and reference object was also MINI Cooper, which mainly played sports and manipulation. First of all, lifan 320 adopts four-wheel independent suspension. This design is relatively rare in the domestic small car class, and it also appears on the model of about 50,000 yuan, which makes everyone curious about this car and wants to see how it performs in handling.

　　The characteristic of four-wheel independent suspension is that all four wheels are in a relatively independent state, so that each wheel can separately filter the vibration from the ground and improve the comfort of the vehicle. And it is also better in maneuverability. Through the test drive experience, I feel that lifan 320’s suspension needs to be improved in terms of training. When driving on the road with poor road conditions, the vibration inside the car is more complicated and the noise transmission is not too delicate.

　　Lifan 320’s steering wheel size is relatively large for a small car. Although it is made of soft materials, it feels good, but the larger size does not fit its sports style design concept. When we are driving normally, we will slightly shake the steering wheel from side to side and find that there will be a lot of margin.

　　When the speed was about 50 km/h through some gentle detours, the body roll of the 320 began to appear, and the side support of the seat was not enough, which could not give people enough confidence, so they could only reduce the speed to alleviate the roll amplitude.

　　Lifan 320 is equipped with a 1.3L engine, with a maximum output power of 65KW/6000rpm, a maximum output torque of 110N.m/3000-5000rpm and a top speed of 155km/h.. In actual driving, this 1.3L engine has no problem in propelling lifan 320, and the speed of 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears is relatively fast.

　　After the 5th gear is accelerated to 80km/h, it is obvious that the noise of the engine is getting worse. At this time, the tachometer shows 2100rpm, which is reasonable. However, when the vehicle speed rises to 120 km/h, the noise has begun to affect the normal conversation of the people in the car, and it is difficult to fully accelerate at this time.

　　Strangely, at the current speed, we only see the driving speed of 2500rpm … 80 km/h is 2100rpm, and 120km/h is only 2500rpm? Is it possible that the speed has increased a lot, but the speed has not changed much? I think there should be something wrong with the dashboard. If so, I hope this is just an individual phenomenon.

Editor’s comment:

　　As the main model of Lifan Automobile, lifan 320 bears the efforts and hopes of many people. Although there are still some problems to be improved, the performance of this car is satisfactory on the whole. After all, considering its price of about 50,000 yuan, it is very good to get a fashionable, beautiful and dynamic car.

　　At present, the newly-launched lifan 320 new interior model is to meet the needs of consumers by changing itself. In the future, Lifan will also make efforts in the after-sales service network and model innovation, especially to get out of the imitation circle as soon as possible and establish its own characteristics and even brand family characteristics as soon as possible. This is a thorny issue! At the same time, it is also the hope of people who pay attention to their own brands. (Photo, text/Yang Li, car home)

Detailed price, parameters and configuration of some models in lifan 320.

1905 movie network news A few days ago, the best film of the Golden Jubilee Award was being released. Since its release, the film has been fermented by word of mouth, especially the golden lines full of high sense, which triggered heated discussions among netizens on various platforms. The film once again exposed the feature footage, and Xu Dong (ornaments) and his enemies "knelt down" to confront each other, and the whole process of drag racing continued with high energy, colliding with a strong black humor.

The film "Northeast Tiger" was directed by Zhang Yu, Zhang Zhiyong, Xu Gang and Luna. The film tells the story of middle-aged Xu Dong who embarks on a lonely road of revenge because of the death of his dog. At this time, his wife Meiling (Mary) finds out that her husband is cheating on her, and she has repeatedly made "strange moves" to defend her marriage, and everyone is tossing and turning in the cracks of the world.

Zhang Yu’s absurd behavior of "kneeling on each other" with his enemies contrasts the middle-aged dilemma.

In the feature clip, her husband Xu Dong’s eyes are stubborn and his words are firm, forcing his enemy builder Ma Qianli (Zhang Zhiyong) to kowtow and make amends to his dead dog Ruyi. Ma Qianli gagged in an attempt to get by on his knees; Xu Dong did not hesitate to "kneel down to each other" and vowed to seek justice. This absurd scene is exaggerated and exciting, and full of joy. At the critical moment of confrontation, the conversation between the two people is still unhurried. "I’m interesting enough" and "Think again" make people laugh.

Since the film was released, many people who walked into the cinema were attracted by the unique black humor of the film. Xu Dong’s alternative road to revenge met many absurd people and all kinds of helpless things, just like the symbol of middle-aged people’s "predicament". In reality, many people also experienced troubles such as middle-aged crisis, career twists and turns, marriage cracks and so on. Faced with the bad thoughts of life, Xu Dong chose to refuse to be tamed and release his inner strength. Some viewers felt the same way: "We middle-aged men are afraid and love such movies."

Word-of-mouth of each platform continues to ferment high-level dialogue and is praised by the audience.

"Northeast Tiger" has been continuously fermented in word-of-mouth since its release, which has won good comments from a large number of audiences. Some fans praised that "the tonality is interesting, the plot is chewy, the characters are interesting, and every detail can see Geng Dao’s unique interest." Some viewers were impressed by the actors’ performances. "I believe Zhang Yu and Mary should have a great time! Every scene has unlimited tension and imagination. " Even many media agree that "Northeast Tiger" is the most unique surprise this year.

It is worth mentioning that both comments by netizens and media reports are fond of the classic dialogues in the film. "You literati are a vulnerable group", "If you can’t say it, keep it as material" and "Those who engage in philosophy are deceived by illusions" … … Director Geng Jun once bluntly attached great importance to lines, and spent several years polishing the script, striving for every line to have a memorable space.

A short comment on Douban sighed: "The lines between the lines are a mixture of the eloquence of the Northeast people and the thoughtful philosophy of the director. They are slowly coming out of the tunnel and looking back, all with stamina. " Another audience commented: "These black humor points are all got, and the laughter is wave after wave, but after laughing, it is lost."

A love story caused by a sachet

The legendary course of an escort king.

A masterpiece of a costume film that eliminates evil and promotes good.

A visually novel martial arts commercial film

Since ancient times, it has been said, "Businessmen are inseparable from darts, and darts are inseparable from business." Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, escort agencies have existed in all commercially developed areas.

During the development of escort agency culture for more than 200 years, ten most distinctive and influential escort agencies emerged. China Escort Agency’s magnificent historical scenery, which swallowed waves and swelled waves, has interpreted countless legendary stories.

Shanxi merchants and dart culture are the most typical culture of Shanxi merchants.

The six dart systems adopted by the escort agency are: letter dart, ticket dart, silver dart, grain dart, material dart and personal dart. The main forms of escort before the birth of escort agency are basically consistent with the emergence and development of commerce. The rapid development of business has made many people become big bosses and officials. Too much gold and silver has brought too much danger, so they invite people with martial arts to accompany them to protect themselves.

It is against this social and commercial background that the film leads to a magical story of darting in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Stills of "World Escort Agency"


The World Escort Agency will bring us a different martial arts vision.

A. The logical development of the plot

At the beginning of the film, a love story is drawn. Wang Zhenwei, the old daughter of Shanxi, has a higher heart than the sky. He is not satisfied with living in Shanxi for a long time and is bent on opening a "world escort agency" in Beijing. Under the guidance of my parents, I opened an escort agency. I didn’t expect this one to be a sachet to escort Princess Shi from Shenfu Royal Guards. Although it is not expensive, it is also a business. According to the old rules, the bodyguard can take the list of the items he receives and the pass issued by the government, so he can take the dart on the road. Unexpectedly, he was chased by a master on the way, and it was dangerous.

The heroine’s name is Shen Feiyan, the daughter of Shi Shenrong, the commander of Royal Guards. She is unruly and willful, and likes guns and sticks. She is a frivolous woman who has nothing to do in the palace, so she uses a sachet to try darts. Let’s see if this newly opened escort agency is in name only. After the princess issued the dart, she didn’t finish the calculation, but also sent a team of people to rob the dart …

One day, Wang Zhenwei was alone in the forest and grass with a dart box on his back. Suddenly, a group of men jumped out of the wild grass and launched a life-and-death fight with Wang Zhenwei, the escort, who lost to his opponent. Suddenly, the father of the escort seemed to fall from the sky and tried his best to protect his son. In the fight, he fought to the death and drank away the robber, but his father was seriously injured. Facing the injured father, Wang Zhenwei did not flinch and was determined to carry out the escort business to the end.
At the same time, the butler also sent a few troops to chase the darts. The reason is that there is a secret piece in the girl’s sachet, which contains a list of thousands of corrupt officials in Beijing, which makes an ordinary dart line confusing …

2. Unique martial arts design

Wushu is a tradition in China, which has dual functions of fitness and attack and defense. Because Shanxi merchants often go out for business thousands of miles away, they often encounter unexpected difficulties and obstacles, even thieves’ attacks. Therefore, Shanxi merchants have always attached importance to martial arts, and many people practice martial arts themselves to strengthen their bodies and defend themselves from thieves’ attacks.

Wushu and boxers play a role in protecting the safety of Shanxi merchants, and Shanxi merchants’ encouragement and support for Wushu and boxers also play a role in promoting Wushu activities to a certain extent.

The martial arts of the film can be said to be the biggest highlight of the film. The martial arts director is Li Cai, a famous martial arts designer in film and television. He was the martial arts director of Zhang Yimou’s Hero. This digital film shooting can be said to be familiar with the martial arts design. On the basis of the script, the martial arts design mainly depends on imagination to become a wonderful martial arts drama. His martial arts design has a large space and high difficulty. The lens modeling is realistic, virtual and real, dynamic and static, and the combination of dynamic and static is like flowing water.

The martial arts design in the film strives for novelty, and there are breakthroughs and innovations in martial arts design. Especially at the end of the film, water village and bamboo ware are used to build momentum and have excellent visual effects.

3. Expressive techniques of relaxation

A movie must have a relaxed rhythm, that is, it must create a dramatic climax in every time period, so as to continuously attract the audience into the plot. In this respect, The Escort Agency in the World is an excellent example. For example, the combination of love drama and kung fu drama makes the plot of the film fast and slow, and it is relaxed.

The arrangement of the plot and the allocation of shots in the film are prioritized, leaving sufficient room for the rhythm of the film. For example, in the first half of the film, there is no accumulation of shots, but it is as soothing and dull as possible, trying to achieve gradual progress in rhythm and strive to be a latecomer, laying an excellent foundation for finally conquering the audience.

4. Grand aesthetic pursuit

The World Escort Agency is beautiful and excellent in martial arts, stunts, music, modeling and costumes. Strive for innovation and innovation in the exploration and innovation of martial arts films. As the creator of the play, no matter the playwright, director or actor, they strive for perfection. Especially in the final stage of the film, the design of martial arts and the use of lens reached a feverish level. Underwater and water, land and sky, bamboo wares and weapons were intertwined, and several people were killed inextricably, creating a grand and majestic fierce battle scene. The film pursued a grand and shocking momentum, and it was overwhelming in the arrangement of strength, and finally won the applause of the audience!

Beijing, February 21 (Reporter Miao Yan) Recently, with the explosion of ChatGPT, domestic giants have also accelerated the layout of generative AI. When will the domestic version of "ChatGPT" go online? How’s it going? Become the focus of people’s attention.

At present, Baidu has officially announced the "ERNIE Bot", saying that it will complete the internal test and open it to the public in March this year; Alibaba dharma ChatGPT products have been in the internal testing stage; Jingdong cloud will launch the industrial version of ChatGPT—ChatJD……2 … On February 20th, Xiao Bing Company’s ChatGPT application "X-Chain of Thought & Action" also opened a small-scale internal test, becoming another China-made ChatGPT for trial.

So, what are the new features of X-CoTA? What is the difference compared with ChatGPT? Li Di, CEO of Xiaobing Company, said in an interview with a reporter from Yangguang. com, "This brief demonstration of the new features of Xiaobing Chain made AI Being not only give you a reply, but present her thinking process in front of you completely and transparently, and uncover the black box of the big model. More importantly, she can really implement some kind of Action. "

Small ice chains are no longer just "chatting"

Can fully demonstrate the thinking process.

After the reporter enters the "Little Ice Chain" internal testing system, the page has an input box similar to a search engine, and its response feedback speed is more agile than that of the mobile phone artificial intelligence assistant. It is worth mentioning that when the answer is fed back, not only the conclusion will be displayed, but also the whole thinking process can be fully displayed.

(Screenshot from the small ice chain internal testing system)

For example, enter the recent news hotspot "How to evaluate the sky-high bride price incident in Jiangxi, should it be accepted as a custom?" After discovering the news reports and information about the sky-high bride price, Xiao Binglian finally concluded: "The sky-high bride price in Jiangxi should not be accepted, and supervision should be strengthened to safeguard social fairness and justice."

(Screenshot from the small ice chain internal testing system)

For another example, enter "How many marathons did you run from Beijing to Suzhou?" The final conclusion is: "It is equivalent to 29.2 marathons." Obviously, the small ice chain (X-CoTA) completed the direct and accurate answer, and showed the thinking process and evidence transparently.

(Screenshot from the small ice chain internal testing system)

Through many tests, the test sentences with good feedback effect at present are: "How to evaluate XXXXX", "What do you think of XXX", "What do you think of XXXXX", "Which is better between XXX and XXX", "XXXXXXXX, what’s your opinion" and so on.

For example, what about the movie "The Shawshank Redemption" entered above? What classic scenes impressed you? The answer given is better; But if you ask, "What about the movie The Shawshank Redemption?" This question is too wide, and the result is not as good as the previous one. It can be seen that the more specific and fresh the problem is, the better the effect will be.

Obviously, the content generation logic of Xiao Binglian is that after you ask a question, she thinks about it and finds that she has to search it, or write a piece of code in real time and actually run it, or decide for herself that she should control a series of devices or vehicles in the physical world to better meet your needs.

Li Di told reporters that the direction represented by the small ice chain is to realize the control center of the next generation by using large model technology. Generally speaking, this makes Xiao Bing no longer just a "chat", but a "next generation action center" driven by "logical thinking", covering the digital and physical worlds. This direction will be the next big model innovation breakthrough with real impact.

Don’t do "carving a boat for a sword" competition

Need to explore big model innovation breakthrough

A few days ago, the "White Paper on the Development of Artificial Intelligence Industry in Beijing in 2022" issued by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology clearly proposed to support head enterprises to build a large model of benchmarking ChatGPT, and strive to build an application ecology of open source framework and general large model; Strengthen the layout of artificial intelligence computing infrastructure; Accelerate the supply of basic data of artificial intelligence.

In fact, the small ice chain is not the only innovation of Xiao Bing in the big model era.

Since 2014, Xiao Bing has been growing with the technical iteration, and has experienced many cycles such as retrieval model, generation model, large model and X-CoTA. Among them, in the field of large models, since 2019, Xiao Bing has formed model training and optimization of different scales, and released them in turn after safety assessment. The small ice chain is just one of them.

Li Di believes that "the safety and ethics of large models are still crucial considerations." Therefore, although the domestic market is very hot, Xiao Bing team will not rashly release all kinds of unsafe products just to show off their muscles. This time, Xiao Bing Chain is the only exception.

(Search for the same question on X-CoTA and ChatGPT respectively)

So, what are the advantages of small ice chains compared with ChatGPT? According to Li Di, the small ice chain obtains information in real time, and ChatGPT summarizes it from training data. The logical thinking process of small ice chains is more transparent and observable, while ChatGPT is a black box. The most essential difference is that the small ice chain has actions, such as going to external search; ChatGPT only talks (dialogue generation), but does not act.

In addition, other problems solved by the small ice chain include: solving the problem that the training data of the large model is not updated in time, improving the accuracy and credibility of the reply, and making the information traceable; Effectively reduce the scale and cost of parameters and promote popularization.

In Li Di’s view, "following ChatGPT to do an arms race is to carve a boat for a sword." Because the big model technology itself is developing rapidly, we should further lay out the future of the next station instead of copying the current ChatGPT. In other words, we should think about what comes after ChatGPT, instead of being China’s ChatGPT.

　　"It was a happy thing to have a grandson, but I walked into the detention room a few days after my grandson was born … … It is more difficult for people to lose their freedom than anything else. It doesn’t matter whether they have money or not. The key is to have freedom … …” On May 1st last year, when everyone was enjoying a holiday with their relatives, Wang Yong, the former "top leader" of Cangxi Grain Depot in Sichuan, was filled with remorse and sobbing because of his self-destruction of his future.

　　On September 20th, the Supervision Committee of the Sichuan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection disclosed the details of the case of "Grain Mouse" Wang Yong on WeChat WeChat official account "Clean Sichuan". Wang Yong, a native of Cangxi, Sichuan, was born in August 1966. He joined the work in December 1986. He used to be the director of Cangxi National Grain Reserve in Sichuan, the deputy secretary, chairman and general manager of the Party branch of Cangxi National Grain Reserve Co., Ltd. According to the survey, from 2017 to 2021, he took advantage of his position to help others in project contracting, project acceptance and project payment, and received 280,000 yuan in cash from others. Not only that, but he also knows that he can’t become a shareholder of a company under the condition that similar operating enterprises invest in shares, and take special subsidy funds and grain price differences through false invoicing.

　　▲ Wang Yong

　　In February 2022, Wang Yong accepted the disciplinary review and supervision investigation of the Supervision Committee of Cangxi County Commission for Discipline Inspection; In May, Wang Yong was expelled from the party and public office for serious violation of party discipline, which constituted an illegal position and was suspected of committing a crime. In October, Wang Yong was sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and fined 200,000 yuan by Cangxi County People’s Court for committing bribery and bribery.

　　Realization of power

　　From the keeper to the "top leader" of grain depot

　　With power, I lost myself and accepted 280,000 yuan in cash.

　　Wang Yong, born in a peasant family, was assigned to Cangxi Pengdian Grain Management Station as a storekeeper after graduating from university in 1986. When he was young, Wang Yong loved to study and study, and worked diligently. After working for a period of time, he was appointed as the stationmaster of Shima Grain Management Station. Later, he served as the chief of the storage and management department of Wenchang Grain, Oil and Food Station and the deputy director of Sichuan Cangxi National Grain Reserve. Since 2008, he has been the "top leader" of Cangxi Grain Depot.

　　▲ trial site

　　With power in hand, temptation often comes uninvited. Perhaps even he didn’t realize that from a certain moment on, his initial heart for food work was quietly changing, and Pandora’s box full of desires was slowly opening.

　　Because he has key powers such as project implementation, project supervision, fund allocation, and completion acceptance, Wang Yong has gradually gathered around a group of business owners, who come to give gifts on holidays, "follow the molecules" when their children get married uninvited, and get the project to thank them … …

　　"The purpose of these bosses’ gifts is nothing more than trying to get close to me, get a good relationship, get care in project contracting and acceptance, and allocate funds, so that they can give the green light when they are in trouble." Although Wang Yong knew it well, he was not alert and refused.

　　"I never ask for money." Wang Yong thinks that after things are done, as long as the bosses "willingly" send the thank-you fee, and they neither ask for it nor ask for a specific amount, the parties will not report it, and even if they accept it, there is nothing to worry about.

　　Under the comfort of self-deception and the impact of greed again and again, Wang Yong gradually lost himself and went further and further on the road of violating discipline and law.

　　According to the survey, from 2017 to 2021, Wang Yong took advantage of his position to help others in project contracting, project acceptance and project payment, and received 280,000 yuan in cash from others.

　　injure the public interests to benefit one’s private interests

　　Illegal shareholding company "looking for profits"

　　Give the corresponding business to the shareholding company for responsibility.

　　The "Several Provisions on the Integrity of Leaders of State-owned Enterprises" clearly stipulates that leaders of state-owned enterprises may not invest in shares in similar enterprises of their own enterprises. However, when faced with the temptation of interests, Wang Yong turned a deaf ear to it.

　　In 2006, a number of ordinary employees and other social personnel of Cangxi Grain Depot initiated the establishment of a grease company. Wang Yong, then deputy director of Cangxi Grain Depot, made a capital contribution of 180,000 yuan, accounting for 7.14% of the shares, and became the second largest shareholder of the company, knowing that he could not participate in the shares.

　　In order to "make profits" for the joint-stock company, Wang Yong, as the "top leader", took advantage of his position to hand over the rotation and storage of the provincial-level reserve oil, which should have been the responsibility of Cangxi Grain Depot Company, to the joint-stock company privately, and paid half of the storage fee to the company.

　　In order to get more dividends for himself, he even took risks regardless of national laws and regulations. In April, 2009, the province began to declare the qualification of grain (oil) storage at the provincial level. According to the regulations, Cangxi Grain Depot no longer has the qualification to declare, but in order to continue to seek benefits for the company in which it has invested, Wang Yong arranged for his subordinates to make up relevant false information according to the declaration conditions. After successfully defrauding the storage qualification, the storage business was all handed over to the shareholding company.

　　Over the past 10 years, the company has made a profit of more than 520,000 yuan from the provincial oil storage fee, resulting in the loss of state-owned assets. Wang Yong, however, got a generous "piece of cake" from it: 248,400 yuan in dividends from holding shares and 180,000 yuan in "thank you fee" from the person in charge of the company.

　　In 2020, during the initial examination and examination by the Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision of Cangxi County on the clues of Wang Yong’s holding shares in unlisted companies and paying dividends, Wang Yong not only excused his illegal shareholding by "not knowing the policies and regulations", but also attempted to cover up the truth by providing false information and forming an "offensive and defensive alliance".

　　Withdraw funds

　　Fabricate a project and falsely invoice it.

　　Take special subsidy funds and grain price difference

　　At the end of 2010, Cangxi Grain Depot Company was in the stage of restructuring, which made it difficult to operate and the unit expenditure could not make ends meet. At that time, it coincided with the establishment of a special subsidy fund for the grain industrial park by the provincial finance to support the construction of the grain industrial park. After receiving this news, Wang Yong had a "coup" to take funds to solve the enterprise problem.

　　Subsequently, he found Zeng Moumou and He Moumou, who were in charge of the declaration and supervision of subsidy funds in the county finance bureau, and asked for help, and sent them 100,000 yuan in cash from the company’s operating funds, and arranged for their subordinates to "repeat their old tricks" to fabricate the application materials. "At that time, there was a report out of nothing. Except that the basic situation of the enterprise was true, all other materials were fabricated." In the investigation, Wang Yong truthfully explained this.

　　After the special subsidy of 1.72 million yuan was issued, Wang Yong instructed his subordinates to find a construction company, fabricated the project according to the regulations, and obtained the funds by means of false invoicing.

　　In order to make the special subsidy funds taken look "reasonable and compliant" in the account expenditure, Wang Yong instructed the company’s financial personnel to pay the construction company’s false project payment name, and then recover the funds and put them into the unit’s "income account" management. In October, 2014, in response to the special inspection, Wang Yong was worried that things would be exposed, and had to arrange for the company’s finance to transfer the funds from the company’s "income account" to the "special subsidy fund account".

　　In this way, a sum of money that was painstakingly set up was raised and transferred in the book. I wanted to use it but didn’t dare to use it, but I got a "hot potato" by digging my brains.

　　After withdrawing funds, Wang Yong had a hard time sleeping, but he did not learn from it. Instead, he comforted himself with the excuse of "serving the public wholeheartedly" and continued to extend his hand to state funds.

　　According to the survey, in order to solve the expenses that the company can’t reimburse, in the process of grain rotation in 2019, Wang Yong also adopted the method of innovation and false rotation, and collected 310,000 yuan of grain price difference. In addition, Wang Yong also lowered the grain purchase standard without authorization, which led to unqualified acceptance of provincial grain reserves, resulting in a loss of more than 210,000 yuan.

　　Red Star journalist Tang Xiaojun

The Central Radio and Television General Station participated in the 31st China News Award.

Publicity of news papers and works

　 　 　 On May 10th, the selection meeting of news papers for the 31st China Prize for Journalism was held. After discussion, evaluation and voting, three papers were selected from 14 candidate papers to participate in the selection of news papers in the 31st China Prize for Journalism. The participating works are now publicized.

　 　 　 According to the "China News Award Selection Method": the works to be recommended will be publicized on the public news website for at least 5 working days, and the publicity period for the news papers of the China News Award will be from May 17 to May 21, 2021. All departments are requested to inform the personnel of their own departments of the publicity contents in a timely manner. Departments or individuals can put forward written opinions to the Academic Liaison Department of the Innovation and Development Research Center for the problems existing in the publicity works, and will not accept them after the deadline.

　 　 　 Tel: 85057327, 85057328, 85057329, 85057330; E-mail: xsllb@cnr.cn.

Central radio and television main station

Innovation and development research center

May 17, 2021

Table of Contents of News Papers Participating in the 31st (2020) China Prize for Journalism.

Submitted amount of 3 articles

[On August 15th, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. After eight years of hard fighting, China finally won. However, the people and events in this period of time are gradually out of shape in the reports of future generations. On the occasion of the 69th anniversary of Japan’s surrender, Observer.com specially launched a series of "Ten Rumors of the Anti-Japanese War" to set the record straight. Previously published "Zhang Lingfu, the Top Ten Rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression》、《Sun Liren, the top ten rumors in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, buried the Japanese army alive.》、《Ten rumors of the Anti-Japanese War: "Fishing posts"""and"The chairman’s guard of the top ten rumors of the anti-Japanese war》。 】

In the modern history of China, opium is a scar that can’t be bypassed anyway. It has harmed hundreds of millions of Chinese, and the resulting war has also changed the direction of China’s traditional society. Therefore, today, the vast majority of Chinese, who are sane and law-abiding, will inevitably show an expression of disgust when referring to drugs represented by opium, and then condemn them with a hundred thousand points.

However, with the help of the increasingly developed network platform, the saying that the CPC and the Eighth Route Army were built and built into large-scale planting, selling and encouraging opium consumption, which was originally circulated in academic circles, quickly spread among the people. After reading similar rumors, some readers who are not very rich in historical knowledge can naturally understand the anger in their hearts, but history is really like this?

The origin of rumors

The story that communist party and the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium first appeared during the Anti-Japanese War. At that time, in order to package its "anti-drug achievements", the Japanese puppet government often organized people to stage a farce of "communist drug trafficking", and then published the news that "opium X was seized and communist X was captured alive" in a certain place in its imperial traitor media. However, during most of the Anti-Japanese War, these reports did not attract much attention from public opinion at that time and later academic circles.

In addition, in recent years, many so-called "old cadres", "old Red Army", "my grandfather", "my great grandfather" and "my second uncle" have appeared on the Chinese Internet, and "witnessed" the communist party Eighth Route Army’s large-scale opium cultivation and trafficking in various places. However, these "testimonies" almost have no exact information about time, place, people, etc., and there are almost no other objective evidences that can be corroborated. Therefore, such "testimonies" are unacceptable to those who are interested in textual research on historical issues. The following "versions" really make the saying that "the Eighth Route Army sells opium on a large scale" a topic worthy of discussion:

First of all, the Diary of Yan ‘an, the masterpiece of the Comintern’s liaison in the CPC Central Committee and the agent of the Soviet Intelligence Department, Peter Buffilovich Vladimirov. In this book, Vladimir said that he not only witnessed the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army harvesting opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s, but also was personally admitted by senior leaders of the Chinese Communist Party such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. Because of Vrakimilov’s special status, the publication of Yan ‘an Diary immediately caused a sensation in overseas academic circles.

The second statement comes from Xie Juezai Diary. In his diary in 1944, a few days wrote:

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944)

"Interesting words heard at the symposium: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ " (12 March 1944)

"Leading organs to launch a thing, must be very considerate, often a small step error, can make a big fuss among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " （1944.3.14）

Attentive readers have noticed that a word called "special goods" is mentioned in these diaries. It is said that this "special goods" is opium.

The third statement comes from the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County" which is said to have been promulgated and implemented by the Eighth Route Army in July 1945. This document can be seen everywhere on the Internet now, so it is omitted here.

The fourth argument comes from the textual research of a "famous scholar" in mainland China: Zhang Side, an Eighth Route Army soldier who praised "dying more than Mount Tai" in Mao Zedong’s famous article "Serving the People", actually died in the process of burning opium. This statement is also widely circulated on the Internet.

Zhang Side

Opium is not just drugs.

I don’t want to analyze the above statements, because it is very necessary to understand the role of opium in the social and economic operation of China before the Anti-Japanese War.

As we all know, the terminal price of opium is quite high, its volume is not big, and its weight is very light. In old China, where the financial system was chaotic, opium, together with gold, silver and pounds and dollars, became the main hard currency in circulation in China at that time, and was called "yellow, white, black and green". Considering the problems of quantity, scale and difficulty in inspection, opium thus overpowered the most valuable gold, silver and foreign currency, and became the currency with the highest cost performance and liquidity in China before the Anti-Japanese War.

In addition, in old China, which has not yet been industrialized, medicine was originally a scarce material. Sometimes military doctors need surgery, but they often find that there is no narcotic except smoky soil. At this time, opium, which has certain anesthetic and antidiarrheal effects, can indeed play the role of medicine at some time.

Although opium was introduced into China from abroad, after the mid-19th century, in order to alleviate the outflow of silver, the Qing government and local governments began to encourage poppy cultivation. Before the Anti-Japanese War, China had become the first drug producer in the world. Most people born after the founding of New China know what opium is like in books, but today, people over 80 years old are almost impressed by the special smell produced when cooking opium. According to the American representative’s speech at the 18th meeting of the Committee on Smoking Prohibition of the League of Nations in 1934, the annual output of opium in the world except China was 1,770 tons. However, according to the estimation of Dr. Lien Teh Wu, director of the National Port Quarantine Administration of China at that time, the opium output of China in 1930 was an astonishing 12,000 tons, equivalent to seven times the world output value. Even so, scholars all over the world generally believed that this data greatly underestimated the opium production capacity of China at that time.

Before the Anti-Japanese War, the grass-roots society in China did not have much prejudice against opium, and opium was also a necessity for wealthy families. There is no doubt that China was once the first drug consumer in the world. According to statistics, the population of China was 474 million in 1932, but the number of drug addicts nationwide reached 80 million, accounting for 16.8% of the total population. Considering the weak grassroots control and statistical ability of the Kuomintang government at that time, the real drug addicts will only be more.

Before the Communist Party of China (CPC) took control of northern Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places, Shanxi-Shaanxi area was one of the most serious areas in China. In the 1920s, Shaanxi had reached the point where there were no smoking houses, and all men, women and children smoked. Smokers accounted for more than 50% of Shaanxi’s total population, and poppy cultivation and opium manufacturing became the only prosperous industries in Shaanxi.

The influence of opium on the old China society completely exceeded the imagination of ordinary people for ordinary drugs. If we use today’s knowledge of drugs to mechanically copy the opium problem during the Anti-Japanese War, it will naturally be difficult to understand the essence of the opium problem.

Bowing to reality: recognizing opium’s status as a hard currency

What is clear and certain is that the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the only political force in the modern history of China that really tried its best to fight drugs in the controlled area. As early as the Agrarian Revolutionary War, the Chinese Communist Party took drug control as one of its priorities. After the end of the Long March and the Red Army stationed in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, the hardest hit area with a history of opium cultivation and trafficking for hundreds of years, communist party immediately launched a massive anti-drug campaign in the border area, which basically eliminated drug abuse in the control area in a very short time. At present, it has basically reached a consensus in academic circles.

Some people will ask: "Since you can ban smoking in communist party, why not ban opium as well?" Communist party did try to ban opium cultivation in its jurisdiction and made considerable efforts (this was in sharp contrast to the various warlords who planted and sold cigarettes at that time), but history proved that this idea was still a pattern at that time. It takes many years to restore the land after poppy eradication before it can be used to produce food again, so banning smoking often brings a new problem: how to solve the rations of tobacco farmers and opium processing workers?

From the national economic point of view, even in a state of war, unless there is a natural barrier like the Taiwan Province Strait, the domestic material circulation can be restricted and blocked, but it is difficult to be cut off. After the anti-drug campaign was launched in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region, the situation of smuggling opium into the border region increased rapidly. Because a place bans opium production and restricts opium consumption, it will often lead to an increase in opium prices, which will only stimulate opium cultivation in other provinces and even lead to the outflow of local gold and silver. From this point of view, a truly unified state power is the prerequisite for the complete prohibition of opium, which was not available in China during the Anti-Japanese War.

In history, especially when the base area of the border region was in trouble in 1941, some people and even some units in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region did smuggle opium, and the government of the border region severely cracked down on these behaviors within its capacity. As for the large-scale cultivation of opium within the jurisdiction, it is hard for me to imagine that opium poppy will be cultivated on a large scale in the base area in the early 1940s when the whole country was suffering from famine. After all, opium soil can’t be used as food, and the food bought from enemy-occupied areas through black market and other channels is only a drop in the bucket compared with the population in the border area.

Due to the lack of other enough hard currency, the Eighth Route Army did have a considerable amount of opium opium, which was used to balance the import and export deficit in the border region. Even in the history of the Party and the memoirs of leaders, there are not many taboos about this, because this is the special national conditions of China in those days caused by history. Since it is impossible to seize the national political power for the time being, what communist party can do is to bow to reality — — Recognize opium’s status as a national hard currency.

Eight roads grow opium on a large scale? Selective slander

After understanding these background knowledge, we began to systematically analyze the reliability of several origins of the statement "the Eighth Route Army planted and sold opium on a large scale".

First of all, talk about Yan ‘an Diary. Although this book was born in the background of the break-up between China and the Soviet Union, Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of the book, later admitted that this "Yan ‘an Diary" was compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, but the author dare not completely deny that the historical materials mentioned in "Yan ‘an Diary" must be false, that is, completely unreliable.

Yuri Vlasov, the actual editor of Yan ‘an Diary. He later admitted that the diary of Yan ‘an was a work compiled for the anti-China needs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In the environment of Yan ‘an at that time, it was difficult for Vladimir to write a "diary" that strongly criticized the leaders of the Communist Party of China, but the biggest Bug of this "diary" was that there were too many contradictions between the contents of the diary and historical facts. For example, Vladimir Mirov directly questioned Mao Zedong about opium in northern Shaanxi, and Deng Xiaoping made an answer. The date of the diary is August 2, 1942, but at this time Deng Xiaoping has been appointed as the secretary of the Taihang Branch of the Communist Party of China. He should be on the Taihang Mountain, not in northern Shaanxi. In addition, the 359th Brigade harvested opium in Nanniwan in the 1930s before the Great Production Movement, and the opium processing factory was located in Chaling &hellip, Hunan Province, which was closely controlled by the Kuomintang. … Mistakes like that, then more.

In a word, there are too many serious contradictions between the contents of Yan ‘an Diary and historical facts. Combined with the historical background of the publication of this work, the original historical status of this work is very questionable.

Secondly, the statement about special goods in Xie Juezai Diary. As it happens, the author has a set of Diary of Xie Juezai edited and published by People’s Publishing House in 1982, and the records of "special goods" in online diaries are indeed true, so the author makes a contextual analysis of these diaries.

"That is, the legal tender for special goods accounts for government revenue … … Do your best. … … I don’t know that his responsibility is to sell black and white to make up for the financial deficit. " (January 18, 1944) and "Anecdotes heard at the forum: … … ‘ There are few multilateral currencies for special goods, and the future will be terrible ’ (When the border currency is recovered, the price of special goods falls, and it is extremely difficult to buy special goods) "(March 12, 1944).

These two days’ diaries all describe Xie Juezai’s own views on the economic problems in the border region, and these are the only paragraphs in the two days’ diaries that mention "special goods" and "black and white goods". Although there is no unanimous conclusion on what kind of products "special goods" are (it is said that "special goods" refer to local specialty salt), even if we assume that "black goods" in "special goods" and "black and white goods" refer to opium, it can only prove that opium is used as hard currency to balance the fiscal deficit in the border region as I said above, and it cannot prove that the Eighth Route Army in communist party has large-scale opium cultivation; The diary on March 12 can be understood as a kind of anxiety of the participants in the forum about the relationship between hard currency and currency.

As for the diary of March 14th, 1944, it said: "When a leading organ starts a thing, it must be very considerate, and often a small step makes a mistake, which can cause great trouble among the masses. ‘ Domestic sales of special goods ’ That is an example. " This diary mainly talks about the way of leadership. In 1943, some people in the border area proposed whether to implement "domestic sales of special goods", but this issue quickly caused controversy and was finally rejected. The "domestic sales of special goods" mentioned in the diary should be the discussion of "domestic sales of special goods" in 1943. Combined with the main content of this diary, the diary of March 14th can’t be used as evidence that the Eighth Route Army in communist party planted and sold opium on a large scale.

In addition, Xie Juezai Diary explicitly mentioned drug control for many times and days, but these records were selectively ignored by some scholars. The author now extracts a paragraph:

June 6, 1943

It is proposed to give instructions to the county (city) governments in each district to ban smoking: all commissions and county governments:

Eating opium, a scar left by the old society, has been cured a lot, but there are still a few addicts who have not given up. We must work harder to avoid a resurgence. Unless otherwise prohibited by the prohibition of planting, instructions on the prohibition of eating are given:

……

When summing up the work this year, quitting smoking is one of the assessment results of governments at all levels.

Next, let’s talk about the document "Interim Measures for the Collection and Management of Tobacco Tax in Huaitaixi County". Huaitai West County refers to Huaiyang, Taikang and Xihua counties. Although there is no definite evidence to prove that this "method" does exist, Huaitai and Xixi counties are surrounded by Japanese-occupied areas. It is hard to imagine that the Japanese army, which is rich in opium, will sit idly by and watch the existence of such a commercial and military competitor. Moreover, there is no mention of cultivation in public institutions in this "method", so it is naturally impossible to prove that opium cultivation is the main economic policy of communist party.

Crucially, Huai, Tai and Xi counties used to be the defense zones of the Kuomintang army in Tang Enbo. At the end of 1944, the Kuomintang army was greatly defeated in the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, and the armed forces behind the enemy lines of the Chinese Communist Party were able to establish this base area. Considering the lag of eradicating opium cultivation, if the proclamation does exist, then this "Measures" is not so much evidence of the Eighth Route Army’s drug manufacturing and trafficking, but rather a profile portrayal of the Kuomintang reactionaries’ opium cultivation and trafficking.

As for the statement that "Zhang Side died in the process of burning opium when his cave collapsed", let’s leave aside the possibility that the Eighth Route Army would be embarrassed and still use the Central Guard Corps to refine opium in 1944, but the biggest loophole of this statement lies in the fact that burning opium is different from burning charcoal. Burning charcoal doesn’t have to be looked after all the time, but refining opium must be looked after all the time. With the ventilation of the cave, the person who looks after the opium will be poisoned, and there is no need to wait until the cave collapses.

After Li Mi led his troops to flee Myanmar, one of his "main businesses" was poppy cultivation. After years of development, the Golden Triangle has gradually become "famous"

The Last Opium of the Republic of China

Having said that, I finally want to talk about how drug control was carried out in New China after the War of Liberation.

In some traditional opium producing areas, party and government workers will level the opium fields, then collect and destroy drugs, and at the same time give some rations to farmers, and then switch to grain after a period of time. Those who take or inject drugs should register and quit within a time limit according to the size and age of their addiction; Secondly, the staff also linked drug rehabilitation with production education, and involved those "addicts" who were not involved in production and behavior degeneration into the tide of industrial and agricultural production, so that they knew that they were members of society and stimulated their determination to give up drugs. In this way, although there are records of serious drug addicts dying from drug addiction attacks all over the country, the vast majority of drug addicts have been thoroughly remoulded after receiving withdrawal treatment and productive labor, and become new people who are useful to society.

One of the earliest sources of the Golden Triangle, a world-famous drug producing area, was the Kuomintang Li Mi and other departments that were beaten out of Yunnan. After living in Myanmar and Thailand, poppy cultivation became one of Li Mi’s "main businesses". After years of development, the Golden Triangle gradually became "famous". And this site rich in drug lords has become the last hiding place of opium in the Republic of China.

After communist party came to power, he made China a glorious "drug-free country"; Although the Kuomintang regime was nominally unified throughout the country, during its reign, China became the world’s first drug producer and consumer, and after its defeat, it also created the world’s largest drug producer. From this point of view, it is never clear who is more worthy of praise and who should be reviled.

Dong Mingzhu, deputy to the National People’s Congress and vice chairman and president of Gree Electric, who is attending the Fourth Session of the 11th National People’s Congress, recently formally submitted two proposals to the conference, calling for improving the recycling mechanism of used electrical appliances and strengthening the consumption tax collection and management of luxury goods enterprises.

　　

Improve the recycling mechanism of waste electrical appliances

　　

According to relevant statistics, at present, the number of TV sets, refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners in China has reached 350 million, 130 million, 170 million and 120 million respectively. These household appliances began to enter the family in the middle and late 1980s, usually with a service life of 10 to 15 years. Since 2003, at least 5 million TV sets, 4 million refrigerators and 5 million washing machines have to be scrapped in China, and now it is growing geometrically. In addition, at present, there are nearly 20 million computers and 190 million mobile phones in China, and these two electronic products are updated much faster than household appliances. About 5 million computers and tens of millions of mobile phones have entered the elimination period every year. These waste household appliances contain a large number of scarce metal resources in China, which are essentially "urban mines" resources. If China can also attach importance to the development of these "urban mines", it will also be of great significance to the supply and guarantee of national resources.

　　

At present, the main body of e-waste recycling in China is mostly self-employed, which mainly flows to the secondary market and carries out primary dismantling. The means are nothing more than "burning with fire" or "washing with water" (corroded by strong acids such as aqua regia), which not only fails to make full use of these precious resources, but also easily leads to secondary pollution, and pollution problems have already appeared in many places. This situation is unable to undertake the mission of developing "urban mines". If advanced disassembly and treatment technology is adopted, compared with the exploitation and smelting of natural mineral resources, the development of "urban mines" can greatly reduce energy consumption and "three wastes" emission, etc. Recycling and treating waste household appliances and electronic products has many advantages and characteristics: for example, it eliminates the harm to the environment while recycling a large number of useful metals and rare precious metals; Reduce the import of scrap metal from abroad and delay the development of natural mine resources; Save energy consumption, reduce environmental pressure, etc. It is difficult to deal with the electronic waste in cities, and it relies heavily on the new recycling technology, and the relevant regulations of the state are issued late, which leads to the high start-up capital investment in the development of "urban mines", which is one of the main reasons why "urban mines" have not been paid attention to for a long time and it is difficult to wake up after a long sleep.

　　

In a sense, attaching importance to the development of "urban mines" is no less than the development of natural mine resources. Because the development of "urban mines" is more environmentally friendly, more ecological and more economical. Dong Mingzhu believes that on April 1st, 2010, the Technical Specification for Pollution Control of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products was issued and formally implemented, and on January 1st, 2011, the Regulations on the Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Recycling (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) and other supporting policies and measures were formally implemented. Although the promulgation and implementation of these regulations have greatly promoted the recycling of waste household appliances in China into the journey of environmental protection, they are still insufficient.

　　

To this end, Dong Mingzhu suggested: First, the construction of laws, regulations and systems needs to be further improved. In recent years, although the waste electrical and electronic processing industry has developed rapidly, due to the late start of the industry, the requirements of relevant authorities on specific processing methods and standards have not been clear, resulting in a variety of processing technologies and equipment. Although the "Regulations" regulate the responsibilities of interested parties, it is a little too general and not very operational. The responsibilities of producers, wasters and recyclers of electronic and electrical products are not clearly defined in the Regulations. There is no mention of specific measures to cultivate national environmental awareness; The encouragement policy for production enterprises to participate in the treatment is not clear; The supervision and management measures are not refined, and the punishment is far from enough. If the above problems are not solved, it will make it difficult to standardize the recycling operation, and the situation of "regular army" and "guerrilla" is still impossible to change substantially.

　　

Second, the establishment and improvement of the recycling system. How to subvert the current scattered and disorderly guerrilla traditional resource recovery model, and establish and improve a modern recovery system is the key link in the exploitation of urban mine resources. The recycling channel is not smooth, and it is difficult to concentrate a large number of discarded household appliances and electronic products, which leads to the formal dismantling enterprises "cooking without rice", while "guerrillas" and "small workshops" are booming. It is suggested that the government introduce mandatory policies for the recycling system, strengthen the responsibilities of the government, consumers, recyclers/producers and recycling fund management committees, vigorously implement resource recycling and waste reduction, and encourage the participation of the whole people through feedback, so as to establish and improve the recycling system.

　　

Third, strengthen supervision and management. Up to now, most policies on "urban mines" are multi-door and multi-head management, which increases the difficulty of policy coordination. The recycling and harmless disposal of waste household appliances and electronic products involves many links such as product production, circulation, consumption, recovery, disassembly, recycling and final disposal, and involves more than 10 government administrative departments, and the policies of these administrative departments must be coordinated to promote the healthy development of waste recycling industry. Therefore, in order to effectively improve the current situation that supervision is not in place, it is suggested that the government set up a special management department to be fully responsible for managing the whole process of recycling waste household appliances and electronic products, so as to prevent the disorderly situation of "Jiulong Water Control".

　　

Strengthen the collection and management of consumption tax in luxury enterprises

　　

According to statistics, at present, China has become an important market for luxury consumption in the world, including not only luxury goods such as luxury cars, but also daily consumer goods such as business jets and yachts for some rich people in China. Of course, this also proves from one side that China’s economy is growing stronger and stronger. However, we should pay attention to the tax problem of luxury consumption, which is not only about the seriousness of tax law implementation, but also about the fairness and justice of income distribution.

　　

In 2003, the total personal income tax revenue in China was 141.8 billion yuan, accounting for 6.5% of the total national tax revenue from 1.4% in 1994. However, until 2010, the personal income tax accounted for 6.6% of the national tax revenue, which shows that the proportion of individual income tax has not increased with the increase of the income of high-income groups. The key reason is that the rich don’t really pay taxes according to their income. "High-income earners pay more taxes" doesn’t mean "rich people pay more taxes". The high-income earners mentioned here are mainly wage earners.

　　

At present, many bosses of private enterprises only give themselves a symbolic salary, and their luxury consumption, such as airplanes, yachts, luxury cars, high-end clubs, etc., are all purchased and paid in the name of enterprises, all of which are made into "expense costs" from accounting. Operating through enterprises not only evades personal income tax, but also deducts corporate income tax. Article 8 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law stipulates that "reasonable expenses actually incurred by an enterprise related to income, including costs, expenses, taxes, losses and other expenses, are allowed to be deducted when calculating taxable income", and Article 11 stipulates that "depreciation deduction is not allowed for the following fixed assets: fixed assets unrelated to business activities". Therefore, according to the provisions of the tax law, personal and family expenses, consumption of business owners and depreciation of fixed assets purchased for personal consumption are not allowed before tax.

　　

In this regard, Dong Mingzhu said that the state can stop the "reasonable tax avoidance" of some business owners through the collection of consumption tax of luxury enterprises. She suggested that with reference to the management standards of state-owned enterprises, unified management standards and norms should be introduced for all enterprises, and a step-by-step tax rate should be imposed on some enterprises’ consumption exceeding the standard.

Wenxue business data school

On July 16th, SMIC was officially listed in science and technology innovation board. Although the outstanding shares in A shares only account for about 14% of the total issued shares, and the P/E ratio is as high as 113.12 times (calculated at the issue price of 27.46 yuan/share), it still received enthusiastic pursuit and the opening price soared. On the other hand, TSMC, the world’s largest wafer foundry with SMIC as the benchmark, will also release its financial report for the second quarter of 2020 today.

Chips are generally divided into three links — — Chip design, chip manufacturing and chip packaging testing, among which, the wafer foundry link in chip manufacturing where SMIC and TSMC are located is one of the weakest links in Chinese mainland’s chip industry chain at present.

"First-class design, second-class packaging and testing, and third-class chip manufacturing", Sheng Linghai, vice president of global consulting firm Gartner Semiconductor Research Group and analyst, commented on the current situation of Chinese mainland’s chip industry and global benchmarking to Business Data School. "At present, Huawei Hisilicon’s chip design is already the world’s first-class level, and the technical threshold for packaging and testing is relatively low, but the chip manufacturing link — — The technology including upstream mask aligner equipment and wafer foundry is still far from the world’s first-class. "

According to incomplete statistics, there are as many as 20 chip companies listed or to be listed in science and technology innovation board from April to July, but only one chip manufacturer is SMIC.

Just recently, at the moment when the "half-time war" in chip manufacturing was tense, the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that it had broken through the 5-nanometer lithography technology, and SMIC had also developed a production process below 7 nanometers, which could be mass-produced by the end of the year, which brought a glimmer of light to the localization of chips, but how much did these relieve the urgent demand for high-end chips in one to three years?

Business Data School made a detailed comparison between SMIC and TSMC in the past five years. From the perspective of revenue scale (see the figure below for details), TSMC’s revenue has always been more than 10 times that of SMIC, while its wafer shipment is only about 2-3 times, which means that SMIC’s price per wafer is cheaper than TSMC’s, which shows that SMIC’s bargaining power is far lower than TSMC’s.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

(Cartography: Business Data School)

According to the rough calculation of Business Data School, in 2019, the shipment price of TSMC per wafer was about $3,609.1, while that of SMIC was only $619.6, with a price difference of six times.

(Cartography: Business Data School)　

It is precisely because of the low price that SMIC’s gross profit margin has remained between 20% and 30%, far below TSMC’s gross profit margin of over 45%.

　The reason why the price gap is so large is that SMIC’s mass-produced products are still relatively backward. In 2019, the two areas with the largest production capacity are still between 0.15/0.18 micron and 55/65 nm, while the current world-class high-end chips are mainly 14 nm, especially at 28 nm. Now there has been a global overcapacity situation.

At present, the revenue of SMIC’s 14 nm and 28 nm process products is relatively low, and the 28 nm process products are facing the risks of overcapacity, continuous decline in revenue, high depreciation pressure and negative gross profit margin.

In the past three years, the revenue of SMIC’s 28 nm process products was divided into 1.63 billion yuan, 1.24 billion yuan and 810 million yuan, accounting for 8.12%, 6.19% and 4.03% respectively, and the revenue and proportion continued to decline; In the fourth quarter of 2019, mass production of 14 nm process products began, and the related income was 57.0615 million yuan, accounting for 0.29%.

To sum up, SMIC has transferred some general equipment originally used in the 28 nm process to other processes with higher profits.

(Cartography: Business Data School)

This also directly determines the level of net profit. The net interest rates of SMIC in recent three years are 5.1%, 2.3% and 4.1%, which are far lower than the net interest rates of TSMC of 32.3%, 34.0% and 35.1%.

After deducting non-recurring gains and losses in 2018 and 2019, SMIC’s net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was negative, which were-6.168 billion yuan and-5.22 billion yuan respectively.

Behind the difference in chip prices between SMIC and TSMC is the gap in advanced technology. To further enhance commercial competitiveness, we must catch up technically.

The rich terminal application scenarios of integrated circuits determine that the mainstream technology nodes and processes of chip products in various sub-sectors are different, and the technology iteration and corresponding market demand change rapidly.

Advanced technology generally advances one generation after one to three years, such as TSMC’s mass production of 16 nm /14 nm in 2015, 10 nm in 2016, 7 nm in 2018 and 5 nm in 2020. If the technology iteration of wafer foundry lags behind the technological requirements of product application, it will not meet the needs of the market and customers.

According to IC Insights statistics, TSMC accounted for 59% of the global pure wafer foundry market share in 2018, and SMIC accounted for 6%. The mass production time of SMIC’s 14 nm process is 2019, and the next generation process has entered the stage of customer introduction.

Although the research and development of advanced technology needs constant capital investment and accumulation, the emergence of key technical figures can often push this process forward a long way.

A key figure behind SMIC’s breakthrough in 14 nm and 7 nm technology is Liang Mengsong, the co-CEO of SMIC. In just 298 days, the difficulty of 14 nm process technology was overcome, and the yield of the process was improved to 95%.

As a former research and development backbone of TSMC, Liang Mengsong is one of the top ten chip talents in the world. After leaving TSMC for half a year in 2009, Liang Mengsong joined Samsung, which directly upgraded Samsung’s technical level by one generation, from 28 nm to 14 nm.

The next SMIC to conquer is the mass production of 7 nanometers.

In addition, according to Liang Mengsong, the development route of SMIC’s 7nm process technology is not much different from TSMC’s. On the 7 nm process node, three types have been developed, among which the manufacturing process of N7 and N7P can not use EUV lithography technology, while the process of N7+ will use EUV technology, but even if EUV technology is used, the number of mask layers is very small.

On the 5nm process node, EUV lithography technology has been fully utilized, and the number of mask layers can reach as many as 14, which is a high technical level in the industry. — — This is also the part that TSMC is currently trying to mass-produce.

In addition, in terms of production capacity, TSMC currently operates a 150mm fab, six 200mm fabs, five 300mm fabs and four advanced back-end fabs. In 2019, the annual production capacity (in terms of 12-inch equivalent wafers) was about 12.3 million wafers, while in 2018 it was about 12 million wafers. This growth was mainly due to the expansion of 7-nanometer technology.

The layout of SMIC’s fabs is as follows: there are a 300mm fab, a 200mm fab and a controlled 300mm advanced process fab in Shanghai; There is a 300mm wafer factory and a holding 300mm advanced process wafer factory in Beijing. There are two 200mm fabs in Tianjin and Shenzhen. There is a holding 300mm bump processing joint venture factory in Jiangyin.

Since it is a strong technology-driven business, it is inevitable to invest in research and development. The figure below shows the magnitude and proportion of global chip companies’ investment in R&D in 2019.

　Taking SMIC as an example, R&D expenses mainly include depreciation expenses, research and testing expenses, employee compensation expenses, etc. From 2017 to 2019, R&D expenses were 3.57 billion yuan, 4.47 billion yuan and 4.74 billion yuan respectively, showing an increasing trend.

However, the fastest growth is actually "depreciation expense", which is due to the purchase of some advanced machinery and equipment with higher unit price, which makes depreciation expense increase year by year, accounting for 30.34% of R&D expenses in 2019.

Secondly, the cost of research and testing is mainly the sample fee, which was 1.31 billion yuan in 2019, accounting for 27.70% of the research and development expenses, and the research and development efficiency has improved.

Thirdly, it is the salary cost of R&D personnel. In 2019, the salary of R&D personnel of SMIC exceeded 900 million yuan.

Sheng Linghai revealed that due to the current hot chip industry, chip engineers are very expensive at present. A chip design engineer with 10 years of experience has an annual salary of more than 1 million.

Let’s go back to the landing of SMIC in science and technology innovation board. The main purpose of raising funds is also for the construction of new production lines and R&D reserves. Among them, the investment of the 12-inch chip SN1 project is 8 billion yuan, which is used to meet part of the capital demand for building a 12-inch production line project with a monthly production capacity of 35,000 pieces, and the production technology level has been upgraded to 14 nanometers and below; Advanced and mature technology research and development project reserve fund project raised funds of 4 billion yuan for technology research and development to enhance the company’s market competitiveness.

Although the localization of chips is the general trend, the trend of globalization has not changed — — The chip was designed in the United States, processed in Taiwan, China, packaged in Malaysia, and finally sent to China for production and global sales.

"The birth of semiconductors is a result of the common development of all countries. So far, no country can have a complete semiconductor industry chain by itself." Su Wei, general manager of China Resources Microelectronics OEM Group, said, "At present, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic chips is less than 30%, and the development of China’s entire semiconductor industry chain is obviously short-board, but in the field of power semiconductors, we see that it is the first to break through and the gap with the international first-class technology level is narrowing."

At present, the low-end chips can be basically localized, but if we want to go to the high end, the wafer foundry link where SMIC is located will be a key link for the 7-nanometer mass production in the next three years. If it can be successfully realized, Chinese mainland’s chip manufacturing will take another step towards the world-class goal.